Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 233, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Mar;58(2):797-805. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1690-5. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Enterolignans are important biomarkers of microbiota diversity, with higher levels indicating greater diversity. Diet and inflammation have been shown to play a role in maintaining microbiota diversity. This study examined whether inflammatory potential of diet, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has an impact on levels of urinary enterolignans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2008. We also carried out construct validation of the DII with C-reactive protein (CRP).
Data came from NHANES 2003-2008. Enterolignans [enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL)] and CRP were assayed from urine and serum specimens, respectively. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were calculated from food intakes assessed using 24-h dietary recalls and expressed per 1000 calories consumed. Associations were examined using survey-based multivariable linear and logistic regression for enterolignans, and logistic regression for CRP.
After multivariable adjustment, higher E-DII scores (i.e., indicating a relatively more pro-inflammatory diet) were associated with lower levels of creatinine-normalized END [beta coefficient (b) = - 1.22; 95% CI = - 0.69, - 1.74; P ≤ 0.001] and ENL (b = - 7.80; 95% CI = - 5.33, - 10.26; P ≤ 0.001). A positive association was also observed when enterolignans were dichotomized based on the cut-off of the 75th percentile value. In this same sample, the E-DII also was associated with CRP ≥ 3 mg/l (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.05, 1.19).
In these NHANES data, there was an association between E-DII score and enterolignans. This study also provided construct validation of the E-DII using CRP in a nationally representative sample. The results indicate that dietary inflammatory potential is associated with urinary enterolignans, a potential marker for microbiota diversity. However, studies are required to understand the direct association between DII and microbiota.
肠内木质素是微生物多样性的重要生物标志物，其水平越高表明多样性越大。饮食和炎症已被证明在维持微生物多样性方面发挥作用。本研究通过 2003-2008 年国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES），检测饮食的炎症潜力（通过饮食炎症指数（DII）衡量）对尿中肠内木质素水平的影响。我们还通过 C 反应蛋白（CRP）对 DII 进行了结构验证。
数据来自 NHANES 2003-2008。从尿液和血清标本中分别检测肠内木质素（肠二醇（END）和肠内酯（ENL））和 CRP。从使用 24 小时膳食回忆评估的食物摄入量中计算出能量调整的 DII（E-DII）评分，并以每 1000 卡路里的摄入量表示。使用基于调查的多变量线性和逻辑回归对肠内木质素进行关联分析，对 CRP 采用逻辑回归。
在多变量调整后，较高的 E-DII 评分（即，表明饮食更具炎症性）与肌酐标准化 END 的水平较低相关 [β系数（b）= -1.22；95%置信区间（CI）= -0.69，-1.74；P≤0.001] 和 ENL（b=-7.80；95%CI=-5.33，-10.26；P≤0.001）。当根据第 75 百分位值的截止值将肠内木质素进行二分法时，也观察到了正相关关系。在同一样本中，E-DII 还与 CRP≥3mg/L 相关（OR=1.12；95%CI1.05，1.19）。
在这些 NHANES 数据中，E-DII 评分与肠内木质素之间存在关联。本研究还使用 CRP 在具有代表性的全国样本中对 E-DII 进行了结构验证。结果表明，饮食炎症潜力与尿中肠内木质素相关，这是微生物多样性的潜在标志物。但是，需要研究来了解 DII 与微生物群之间的直接关联。
