Rokers Bas, Fulvio Jacqueline M, Pillow Jonathan W, Cooper Emily A
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
J Vis. 2018 Mar 1;18(3):23. doi: 10.1167/18.3.23.
People make surprising but reliable perceptual errors. Here, we provide a unified explanation for systematic errors in the perception of three-dimensional (3-D) motion. To do so, we characterized the binocular retinal motion signals produced by objects moving through arbitrary locations in 3-D. Next, we developed a Bayesian model, treating 3-D motion perception as optimal inference given sensory noise in the measurement of retinal motion. The model predicts a set of systematic perceptual errors, which depend on stimulus distance, contrast, and eccentricity. We then used a virtual-reality headset as well as a standard 3-D desktop stereoscopic display to test these predictions in a series of perceptual experiments. As predicted, we found evidence that errors in 3-D motion perception depend on the contrast, viewing distance, and eccentricity of a stimulus. These errors include a lateral bias in perceived motion direction and a surprising tendency to misreport approaching motion as receding and vice versa. In sum, we present a Bayesian model that provides a parsimonious account for a range of systematic misperceptions of motion in naturalistic environments.
人们会出现令人惊讶但却可靠的感知错误。在此，我们为三维（3-D）运动感知中的系统性错误提供了一种统一的解释。为此，我们对物体在三维空间中任意位置移动时产生的双眼视网膜运动信号进行了特征描述。接下来，我们开发了一个贝叶斯模型，将三维运动感知视为在视网膜运动测量存在感官噪声情况下的最优推理。该模型预测了一组系统性的感知错误，这些错误取决于刺激距离、对比度和偏心率。然后，我们使用虚拟现实头戴式设备以及标准的三维桌面立体显示器，在一系列感知实验中对这些预测进行了测试。正如预测的那样，我们发现有证据表明三维运动感知中的错误取决于刺激的对比度、观看距离和偏心率。这些错误包括感知运动方向上的横向偏差，以及一种令人惊讶的倾向，即将接近运动误报为远离运动，反之亦然。总之，我们提出了一个贝叶斯模型，该模型为自然环境中一系列系统性的运动误感知提供了一个简洁的解释。
