NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Trondheim, Norway.
SINTEF OCEAN, Trondheim, Norway.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Apr;129(1):370-378. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.034. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
Oil biodegradation as a weathering process has been extensively investigated over the years, especially after the Deepwater Horizon blowout. In this study, we performed microcosm experiments at 5 °C with chemically dispersed oil in non-amended seawater. We link biodegradation processes with microbial community and metagenome dynamics and explain the succession based on substrate specialization. Reconstructed genomes and 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that Bermanella and Zhongshania were the main contributors to initial n-alkane breakdown, while subsequent abundances of Colwellia and microorganisms closely related to Porticoccaceae were involved in secondary n‑alkane breakdown and beta‑oxidation. Cycloclasticus, Porticoccaceae and Spongiiabcteraceae were associated with degradation of mono- and poly-cyclic aromatics. Successional pattern of genes coding for hydrocarbon degrading enzymes at metagenome level, and reconstructed genomic content, revealed a high differentiation of bacteria involved in hydrocarbon biodegradation. A cooperation among oil degrading microorganisms is thus needed for the complete substrate transformation.
多年来，石油的生物降解作为一种风化过程已经得到了广泛的研究，特别是在深水地平线（Deepwater Horizon）井喷事件之后。在这项研究中，我们在 5°C 下进行了微宇宙实验，在未经改良的海水中用化学分散的石油进行实验。我们将生物降解过程与微生物群落和宏基因组动态联系起来，并根据底物的专业化来解释演替过程。重建的基因组和 16S rRNA 基因分析表明，Bermanella 和 Zhongshania 是初始烷烃分解的主要贡献者，而随后 Colwellia 和与 Porticoccaceae 密切相关的微生物的丰度参与了二次烷烃分解和β-氧化。Cycloclasticus、Porticoccaceae 和 Spongiiabcteraceae 与单环和多环芳烃的降解有关。在宏基因组水平上，编码烃类降解酶的基因的演替模式和重建的基因组内容揭示了参与烃类生物降解的细菌的高度分化。因此，需要石油降解微生物之间的合作来完成底物的完全转化。
