Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey.
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Jul;78:140-157. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.034. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
The present study investigated the effects of dietary trans-cinnamic acid (CA) on pre- and post-challenge haematological, serum biochemical, non-specific immune and head kidney gene expression responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles. In this regard, fish with an average weight of 17.01 ± 0.05 g were divided into five groups, and fed daily with an additive free basal diet (control); 250, 500, 750 or 1500 mg kg CA for a 60-day period. Fish were sampled every 20 days during the experiment. On days 20, 40 and 60 (the pre-challenge period), the dietary CA especially at 250 and/or 500 mg kg significantly increased blood granulocyte percentage, and serum total protein, globulin, lysozyme and total immunoglobulin values. Furthermore, dietary CA increased activities of phagocytic activity, respiratory burst and potential killing, and increased the expression levels of immune related genes [serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 1, beta (IL-1β), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and immunoglobulin T (IgT)] in the head kidney of fish fed with 250 and/or 500 mg kg CA. Following 60 days of feeding, fish were challenged with Yersinia ruckeri and mortality was recorded for 20 days. Highest percentage survival (%) rate was found in the 250 and/or 500 mg kg CA-supplemented feeding groups. During the post-challenge period, red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (%), respiratory burst activity, and total antiprotease activity increased in fish fed with feed containing 500 mg kg content. Moreover, markedly up-regulated the expression of related genes (SAA, IL-8, IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IgM) in fish fed 250, 500 and/or 750 mg kg CA. Therefore, feeding O. mykiss for 60 days with dietary CA at 250-500 mg kg CA incorporation levels can be suggested as optimal to enhance the immunity and disease resistance against Y. ruckeri.
本研究探讨了日粮反式肉桂酸（CA）对彩虹鳜（Oncorhynchus mykiss）幼鱼攻毒前后血液学、血清生化、非特异性免疫和头肾基因表达反应的影响。为此，将平均体重为 17.01±0.05g 的鱼分为五组，分别用不含添加剂的基础日粮（对照组）和 250、500、750 或 1500mg/kg CA 添加剂日粮连续喂养 60 天。实验过程中每 20 天采样一次。在第 20、40 和 60 天（攻毒前），日粮 CA 特别是 250 和/或 500mg/kg CA 显著增加了血液粒细胞百分比和血清总蛋白、球蛋白、溶菌酶和总免疫球蛋白水平。此外，日粮 CA 增加了吞噬活性、呼吸爆发和潜在杀伤的活性，并增加了头肾中免疫相关基因[血清淀粉样蛋白 A（SAA）、白细胞介素 8（IL-8）、白细胞介素 1β（IL-1β）、转化生长因子β（TGF-β）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和免疫球蛋白 T（IgT）]的表达水平。在饲喂 250 和/或 500mg/kg CA 的鱼中。经过 60 天的喂养，用杀鲑气单胞菌攻毒鱼，记录 20 天的死亡率。在添加 250 和/或 500mg/kg CA 的饲料喂养组中发现了最高的存活率（%）。在攻毒后期间，红细胞（RBC）计数、血细胞比容（%）、呼吸爆发活性和总抗蛋白酶活性在饲喂含 500mg/kg 饲料的鱼中增加。此外，在饲喂 250、500 和/或 750mg/kg CA 的鱼中，相关基因（SAA、IL-8、IL-1β、TGF-β、TNF-α、IFN-γ和 IgM）的表达明显上调。因此，在日粮中添加 250-500mg/kg CA 喂养彩虹鳜 60 天，可以增强对杀鲑气单胞菌的免疫力和抵抗力。
