Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Environ Res. 2018 Aug;165:110-117. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.039. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
While the effects of weather variability on cardio-respiratory mortality are well described, research examining the effects on morbidity, especially for vulnerable populations, is warranted. We investigated the associations between lung function and outdoor temperature (T in Celsius degrees (°C)) and relative humidity (RH), in a cohort of elderly men, the Normative Aging Study. Our study included 1103 participants whose forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), and weather exposures were assessed one to five times during the period 1995-2011 (i.e. 3162 observations). Temperature and relative humidity were measured at one location 4 h to 7 days before lung function tests. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine the associations with outdoor T and RH. A 5-degree increase in the 3-day moving average T was associated with a significant 0.7% decrease (95%CI: -1.24, -0.20) in FVC and a 5% increase in the 7-day moving average RH was associated with a significant 0.2% decrease (95%CI: -0.40, -0.02) in FVC and FEV. The associations with T were greater when combined with higher exposures of black carbon with a 1.6% decrease (95%CI -2.2; -0.9) in FVC and a 1% decrease (95%CI -1.7; -0.4) in FEV. The relationships between T and RH and lung function were linear. No synergistic effect of T and RH was found. Heat and lung function are two predictors of mortality. Our findings suggest that increases in temperature and relative humidity are related to decreases in lung function, and such observations might be amplified by high black carbon levels.
虽然天气变化对心肺死亡率的影响已经得到了很好的描述，但研究表明，天气变化对发病率的影响，尤其是对脆弱人群的影响，是有必要的。我们研究了肺功能与室外温度（以摄氏度表示）和相对湿度之间的关系，研究对象是老年男性队列，即常规衰老研究。我们的研究包括 1103 名参与者，他们的用力肺活量（FVC）、一秒钟用力呼气量（FEV）和天气暴露情况在 1995 年至 2011 年期间进行了一次至五次评估（即 3162 次观测）。在肺功能测试前 4 小时至 7 天，在一个地点测量温度和相对湿度。我们使用线性混合效应模型来研究与室外温度和相对湿度的关联。3 天移动平均温度每升高 5 度，FVC 就会显著下降 0.7%（95%置信区间：-1.24，-0.20）；7 天移动平均相对湿度每升高 5%，FVC 和 FEV 就会显著下降 0.2%（95%置信区间：-0.40，-0.02）。当与更高水平的黑碳暴露相结合时，与 T 的关联更大，FVC 下降 1.6%（95%置信区间：-2.2；-0.9），FEV 下降 1%（95%置信区间：-1.7；-0.4）。T 与 RH 和肺功能之间的关系是线性的。没有发现 T 和 RH 之间存在协同作用。热和肺功能是死亡率的两个预测指标。我们的研究结果表明，温度和相对湿度的升高与肺功能的下降有关，而在高水平黑碳的情况下，这种观察结果可能会放大。
