Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, RM. 2311, NURSING/FIMs Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2018 Jul;83:34-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.04.001. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
Leaders are essential in every organization to achieve patient safety and healthy work environments. Authentic leadership is a relational leadership style purported to promote healthy work environments that influence staff performance and organizational outcomes. Given recent growth in authentic leadership research in healthcare and the importance of new knowledge to inform leadership development, there is an obligation to determine what is known about the antecedents and outcomes of authentic leadership in healthcare settings and clarify mechanisms by which authentic leadership affects healthcare staff and patient outcomes.
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the antecedents, mediators and outcomes associated with authentic leadership in healthcare.
Systematic review.
The search strategy included 11 electronic databases: ABI Inform Dateline, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. The search was conducted in January 2017. Published English-only quantitative research that examined the antecedents, mediators and outcomes of authentic leadership practices of leaders in healthcare settings was included.
Quality assessment, data extractions, and analysis were completed on all included studies. Data extracted from included studies were analyzed through descriptive and narrative syntheses. Content analysis was used to group antecedents, outcomes and mediators into categories which were then compared to authentic leadership theory.
1036 titles and abstracts were screened yielding 136 manuscripts for full-text review which resulted in 21 included studies reported in 38 manuscripts. Significant associations between authentic leadership and 43 outcomes were grouped into two major themes: healthcare staff outcomes with 5 subthemes (personal psychological states, satisfaction with work, work environment factors, health & well-being, and performance) and patient outcomes. There were 23 mediators between authentic leadership and 35 different outcomes in the included studies and one antecedent of authentic leadership.
Findings of this review provide support for authentic leadership theory and suggest need for additional testing in future studies using longitudinal and interventional designs in more varied healthcare settings with diverse and interprofessional healthcare samples. Knowledge generated through this systematic review provides a more comprehensive understanding of authentic leadership, which can be used to educate future leaders and has the potential to improve leadership development strategies and positive outcomes in healthcare workplaces.
领导者对于实现患者安全和健康的工作环境至关重要。真正的领导力是一种关系型领导风格，据称可以促进健康的工作环境，从而影响员工绩效和组织成果。鉴于最近医疗保健领域真正的领导力研究的增长以及新知识对于领导能力发展的重要性，有责任确定在医疗保健环境中与真正的领导力相关的前因和结果，并阐明真正的领导力影响医疗保健人员和患者结果的机制。
本系统评价旨在研究医疗保健中真正的领导力的前因、中介和结果。
系统评价。
搜索策略包括 11 个电子数据库：ABI Inform Dateline、Academic Search Complete、Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、PubMed、CINAHL、Embase、ERIC、PsycINFO、Scopus、Web of Science 和 ProQuest Dissertations & Theses。搜索于 2017 年 1 月进行。包括的研究均为发表的英语定量研究，研究了医疗保健环境中领导者的真正领导力实践的前因、中介和结果。
对所有纳入的研究进行质量评估、数据提取和分析。从纳入的研究中提取的数据通过描述性和叙述性综合进行分析。内容分析用于将前因、结果和中介分组到类别中，然后与真正的领导力理论进行比较。
筛选了 1036 个标题和摘要，产生了 136 篇全文进行审查，最终纳入了 21 项研究，共 38 篇论文。真正的领导力与 43 个结果之间存在显著关联，这些结果分为两个主要主题：医疗保健人员的结果，分为 5 个子主题（个人心理状态、对工作的满意度、工作环境因素、健康和幸福感以及绩效）和患者的结果。纳入的研究中有 23 个中介变量在真正的领导力和 35 个不同的结果之间，还有一个真正的领导力的前因。
本评价的结果为真正的领导力理论提供了支持，并表明需要在未来的研究中使用纵向和干预设计，在更多不同的医疗保健环境中，对不同的医疗保健专业人员进行更广泛的测试。通过本系统评价产生的知识提供了对真正的领导力的更全面的理解，可以用于教育未来的领导者，并有可能改善领导能力发展策略和医疗保健工作场所的积极成果。
