Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
School of Clinical & Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK.
Nutr J. 2018 Apr 24;17(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0349-7.
Food insecurity has been associated with dietary intake and weight status in UK adults and children although results have been mixed and ethnicity has not been explored. We aimed to compare prevalence and trajectories of weight and dietary intakes among food secure and insecure White British and Pakistani-origin families.
At 12 months postpartum, mothers in the Born in Bradford cohort completed a questionnaire on food security status and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) assessing their child's intake in the previous month; at 18 months postpartum, mothers completed a short-form FFQ assessing dietary intake in the previous 12 months. Weights and heights of mothers and infants were assessed at 12-, 24-, and 36-months postpartum, with an additional measurement of children taken at 4-5 years. Associations between food security status and dietary intakes were assessed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney for continuous variables and χ or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Quantile and logistic regression were used to determine dietary intakes adjusting for mother's age. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI) in mothers and BMI z-scores in children.
At 12 months postpartum, White British mothers reported more food insecurity than Pakistani-origin mothers (11% vs 7%; p < 0.01) and more food insecure mothers were overweight. Between 12 and 36 months postpartum, BMI increased more among food insecure Pakistani-origin mothers (β = 0.77 units, [95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.40, 1.10]) than food secure (β = 0.44 units, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.55). This was also found in Pakistani-origin children (BMI z-score: food insecure β = 0.40 units, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.59; food secure β = 0.25 units, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.29). No significant increases in BMI were observed for food secure or insecure White British mothers while BMI z-score increased by 0.17 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.21) for food secure White British children. Food insecure mothers and children had dietary intakes of poorer quality, with fewer vegetables and higher consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks.
Food security status is associated with body weight and dietary intakes differentially by ethnicity. These are important considerations for developing targeted interventions.
在英国成年人和儿童中，食物不安全与饮食摄入和体重状况有关，尽管结果喜忧参半，且尚未研究种族因素。我们旨在比较食物安全和不安全的白种英国人和巴基斯坦裔家庭之间的体重和饮食摄入的流行率和轨迹。
在产后 12 个月时，出生在布拉德福德队列中的母亲完成了一份关于食物安全状况的问卷和一份食物频率问卷（FFQ），评估了她们孩子在前一个月的摄入量；在产后 18 个月时，母亲完成了一份短形式的 FFQ，评估了过去 12 个月的饮食摄入量。在产后 12、24 和 36 个月时测量了母亲和婴儿的体重和身高，并在 4-5 岁时对儿童进行了额外的测量。使用 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney 检验比较食物安全状况和饮食摄入量之间的关系，对于分类变量使用 χ 或 Fisher's 确切检验，对于连续变量使用。使用定量和逻辑回归调整母亲年龄来确定饮食摄入量。使用线性混合效应模型评估母亲的体重指数（BMI）和儿童的 BMI z 分数的纵向变化。
在产后 12 个月时，白种英国母亲报告的食物不安全比例高于巴基斯坦裔母亲（11%对 7%；p<0.01），且更多的食物不安全母亲超重。在产后 12 至 36 个月期间，食物不安全的巴基斯坦裔母亲的 BMI 增加更多（β=0.77 单位，95%置信区间[CI]：0.40，1.10），而食物安全的母亲增加（β=0.44 单位，95% CI：0.33，0.55）。这在巴基斯坦裔儿童中也有发现（BMI z 分数：食物不安全的 β=0.40 单位，95% CI：0.22，0.59；食物安全的 β=0.25 单位，95% CI：0.20，0.29）。白种英国母亲的 BMI 或 BMI z 分数均未见显著增加，而白种英国食物安全的儿童的 BMI z 分数增加了 0.17（95% CI：0.13，0.21）。食物不安全的母亲和儿童的饮食质量较差，蔬菜摄入量较少，含糖饮料摄入量较高。
食物安全状况与种族不同，与体重和饮食摄入有关。这些是制定有针对性干预措施的重要考虑因素。
