Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Adv Mater. 2018 Jun;30(23):e1707495. doi: 10.1002/adma.201707495. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Conventional 3D printing technologies typically rely on open-loop, calibrate-then-print operation procedures. An alternative approach is adaptive 3D printing, which is a closed-loop method that combines real-time feedback control and direct ink writing of functional materials in order to fabricate devices on moving freeform surfaces. Here, it is demonstrated that the changes of states in the 3D printing workspace in terms of the geometries and motions of target surfaces can be perceived by an integrated robotic system aided by computer vision. A hybrid fabrication procedure combining 3D printing of electrical connects with automatic pick-and-placing of surface-mounted electronic components yields functional electronic devices on a free-moving human hand. Using this same approach, cell-laden hydrogels are also printed on live mice, creating a model for future studies of wound-healing diseases. This adaptive 3D printing method may lead to new forms of smart manufacturing technologies for directly printed wearable devices on the body and for advanced medical treatments.
传统的 3D 打印技术通常依赖于开环、校准后打印的操作程序。另一种方法是自适应 3D 打印，这是一种闭环方法，它结合了实时反馈控制和功能材料的直接喷墨打印，以便在移动的自由曲面制造器件。在这里，通过计算机视觉辅助的集成机器人系统，可以感知到 3D 打印工作空间中目标表面的几何形状和运动状态的变化。一种将电连接 3D 打印与表面贴装电子元件的自动拾取和放置相结合的混合制造工艺，在自由移动的人手上制造出功能性电子器件。使用相同的方法，还可以在活体老鼠上打印负载细胞的水凝胶，为伤口愈合疾病的未来研究创建一个模型。这种自适应 3D 打印方法可能会为直接在人体上打印可穿戴设备和先进的医疗方法带来新形式的智能制造技术。
