Lu Yong Qing, Dai Yang, Yu Xiu Ying, Yu Fu-Lan, Jiang Shou Lin, Zhou Zong Yuan, Chen Fa Jun
College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Jiyang Bureau of Agriculture, Jiyang 251400, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2018 Feb;29(2):651-658. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.036.
In recent years, the two issues of climate change including elevated CO etc., and resistance of transgenic Bt crops against non-target insect pests have received widespread attention. Elevated CO can affect the herbivorous insects. To date, there is no consensus about the effect of elevated CO on the suck-feeding insect pests (non-target insect pests of transgenic Bt crops). Its effects on the suck-feeding behavior have rarely been reported. In this study, CO levels were set up in artificial climate chamber to examined the effects of ambient (400 μL·L) and double-ambient (800 μL·L) CO levels on the suck-feeding behavior, growth, development, and reproduction of the non-target insect pest of transgenic Bt rice, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. The results showed that CO level significantly affected the egg and nymph duration, longevity and body mass of adults, and feeding behavior of the 4th and 5th instar nymphs, while had no effect on the fecundity of N. lugens. The duration of eggs and nymphs, and the longevity of female adults were significantly shortened by 4.0%, 4.2% and 6.6% respectively, the proportion of the macropterous adults was significantly increased by 11.6%, and the body mass of newly hatched female adults was significantly decreased by 2.2% by elevated CO. In addition, elevated CO significantly enhanced the stylet puncturing efficiency of the 4th and 5th instar nymphs of N. lugens. The duration ofphloem ingestion of the N4b waveform was significantly prolonged by 60.0% and 50.1%, and the frequency significantly was increased by 230.0% and 155.9% for the 4th and 5th instar nymphs of N. lugens by elevated CO, respectively. It was concluded that double-ambient CO could promote the growth and development of N. lugens through enhancing its suck-feeding, shorten the generation life-span and increase the macropertous adults' proportion of N. lugens. Thus, it could result in the occurrence of non-target rice planthopper N. lugens and make the transgenic Bt crops face with harm risk due to migration and diffusion of N. lugens under elevated CO.
近年来，气候变化的两个问题，包括二氧化碳浓度升高等，以及转基因Bt作物对非靶标害虫的抗性受到了广泛关注。二氧化碳浓度升高会影响植食性昆虫。迄今为止，关于二氧化碳浓度升高对刺吸式害虫（转基因Bt作物的非靶标害虫）的影响尚无定论。其对刺吸行为的影响鲜有报道。本研究在人工气候箱中设置二氧化碳水平，以研究环境二氧化碳浓度（400 μL·L）和双倍环境二氧化碳浓度（800 μL·L）对转基因Bt水稻非靶标害虫褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的刺吸行为、生长、发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明，二氧化碳水平显著影响卵期、若虫期、成虫寿命和体重，以及4龄和5龄若虫的取食行为，但对褐飞虱的繁殖力没有影响。二氧化碳浓度升高使卵期和若虫期以及雌成虫寿命分别显著缩短4.0%、4.2%和6.6%，长翅型成虫比例显著增加11.6%，初孵雌成虫体重显著降低2.2%。此外，二氧化碳浓度升高显著提高了褐飞虱4龄和5龄若虫的口针穿刺效率。二氧化碳浓度升高使褐飞虱4龄和5龄若虫N4b波形的韧皮部取食持续时间分别显著延长60.0%和50.1%，频率分别显著增加230.0%和155.9%。研究得出结论，双倍环境二氧化碳浓度可通过增强褐飞虱的刺吸能力促进其生长发育，缩短世代寿命，增加长翅型成虫比例。因此，在二氧化碳浓度升高的情况下，可能导致非靶标水稻害虫褐飞虱的发生，并因褐飞虱的迁飞扩散使转基因Bt作物面临受害风险。
