Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE.
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Mar 6;2018:7459612. doi: 10.1155/2018/7459612. eCollection 2018.
Water pipe smoking is a tobacco smoking method commonly used in Eastern countries and is gaining popularity in Europe and North America, in particular among adolescents and young adults. Several clinical and experimental studies have reported that exposure to water pipe smoke (WPS) induces lung inflammation and impairment of pulmonary function. However, the mechanisms of such effects are not understood, as are data on the possible palliative effect of exercise training. The present study evaluated the effects of regular aerobic exercise training (treadmill: 5 days/week, 40 min/day) on subchronic exposure to WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 2 months). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to air or WPS with or without exercise training. Airway resistance measured using forced oscillation technique was significantly and dose-dependently increased in the WPS-exposed group when compared with the air-exposed one. Exercise training significantly prevented the effect of WPS on airway resistance. Histologically, the lungs of WPS-exposed mice had focal moderate interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration consisting of neutrophil polymorphs, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. There was a mild increase in intra-alveolar macrophages and a focal damage to alveolar septae in some foci. Exercise training significantly alleviated these effects and also decreased the WPS-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 concentrations and attenuated the increase of 8-isoprostane in lung homogenates. Likewise, the lung DNA damage induced by WPS was significantly inhibited by exercise training. Moreover, exercise training inhibited nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-B) expression induced by WPS and increased that of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Our findings suggest that exercise training significantly mitigated WPS-induced increase in airway resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage via mechanisms that include inhibiting NF-B and activating Nrf2 signalling pathways.
水烟吸烟是一种在东方国家普遍使用的吸烟方式，在欧洲和北美尤其在青少年和年轻成年人中流行。几项临床和实验研究报告称，暴露于水烟烟雾（WPS）会引起肺部炎症和肺功能障碍。然而，这些影响的机制尚不清楚，也没有关于运动训练可能的缓解作用的数据。本研究评估了定期有氧运动训练（跑步机：每周 5 天，每天 40 分钟）对亚慢性 WPS 暴露（每天 30 分钟，每周 5 天，持续 2 个月）的影响。C57BL/6 小鼠暴露于空气或 WPS 中，或同时暴露于空气和 WPS 中，并使用强迫振荡技术测量气道阻力。与空气暴露组相比，WPS 暴露组的气道阻力显著且呈剂量依赖性增加。运动训练显著预防了 WPS 对气道阻力的影响。组织学上，WPS 暴露组小鼠的肺部有局灶性中度间质炎症细胞浸润，包括中性粒细胞多形核、浆细胞和淋巴细胞。肺泡巨噬细胞轻度增加，一些病灶中肺泡间隔有局灶性损伤。运动训练显著减轻了这些影响，还降低了 WPS 诱导的肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素 6 浓度的增加，并减弱了肺匀浆中 8-异前列腺素的增加。同样，WPS 引起的肺 DNA 损伤也被运动训练显著抑制。此外，运动训练抑制了 WPS 诱导的核因子 kappa-B（NF-B）表达，并增加了核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2（Nrf2）的表达。我们的研究结果表明，运动训练通过抑制 NF-B 和激活 Nrf2 信号通路的机制，显著减轻了 WPS 引起的气道阻力增加、炎症、氧化应激和 DNA 损伤。
