Toribio-Mateas Miguel
School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK.
Microorganisms. 2018 Apr 25;6(2):35. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms6020035.
An extensive body of evidence documents the importance of the gut microbiome both in health and in a variety of human diseases. Cell and animal studies describing this relationship abound, whilst clinical studies exploring the associations between changes in gut microbiota and the corresponding metabolites with neurodegeneration in the human brain have only begun to emerge more recently. Further, the findings of such studies are often difficult to translate into simple clinical applications that result in measurable health outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to appraise the literature on a select set of faecal biomarkers from a clinician’s perspective. This practical review aims to examine key physiological processes that influence both gastrointestinal, as well as brain health, and to discuss how tools such as the characterisation of commensal bacteria, the identification of potential opportunistic, pathogenic and parasitic organisms and the quantification of gut microbiome biomarkers and metabolites can help inform clinical decisions of nutrition and lifestyle medicine practitioners.
大量证据证明了肠道微生物群在健康和多种人类疾病中的重要性。描述这种关系的细胞和动物研究比比皆是，而探索肠道微生物群变化与人类大脑神经退行性变之间关联的临床研究直到最近才开始出现。此外，这些研究的结果往往难以转化为能产生可衡量健康结果的简单临床应用。本文的目的是从临床医生的角度评估关于一组精选粪便生物标志物的文献。这一实用性综述旨在研究影响胃肠道以及大脑健康的关键生理过程，并讨论诸如共生细菌的特征描述、潜在机会性、致病性和寄生性生物的鉴定以及肠道微生物群生物标志物和代谢物的定量等工具如何有助于为营养和生活方式医学从业者的临床决策提供信息。
