Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Apr 27;67(16):465-469. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6716a2.
Commercial fishing is one of the most dangerous jobs in the United States, with a 2016 work-related fatality rate (86.0 deaths per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers) 23 times higher than that for all U.S. workers (3.6) (1). Sinking vessels cause the most fatalities in the industry; however, falling from a fishing vessel is a serious hazard responsible for the second highest number of commercial fishing-associated fatalities (2,3). CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed data on unintentional fatal falls overboard in the U.S. commercial fishing industry to identify gaps in the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies. During 2000-2016, a total of 204 commercial fishermen died after unintentionally falling overboard. The majority of falls (121; 59.3%) were not witnessed, and 108 (89.3%) of these victims were not found. Among 83 witnessed falls overboard, 56 rescue attempts were made; 22 victims were recovered but were not successfully resuscitated. The circumstances, rescue attempts, and limited use of lifesaving and recovery equipment indicate that efforts to reduce these preventable fatalities are needed during pre-event, event, and post-event sequences of falls overboard. Vessel owners could consider strategies to prevent future fatalities, including lifeline tethers, line management, personal flotation devices (PFDs), man-overboard alarms, recovery devices, and rescue training.
商业捕鱼是美国最危险的职业之一，与所有美国工人（3.6）相比，2016 年与工作相关的死亡率（每 10 万名全职等效工人中有 86.0 人死亡）高出 23 倍（1）。船只沉没是该行业造成死亡人数最多的原因；然而，从渔船上坠落是一个严重的危险，导致与商业捕鱼相关的第二大死亡人数（2,3）。疾病预防控制中心的国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）分析了美国商业捕鱼业非故意落水的意外死亡数据，以确定在使用初级、二级和三级预防策略方面存在差距。2000-2016 年，共有 204 名商业渔民意外落水后死亡。大多数落水事故（121 起；59.3%）无人目睹，其中 108 起（89.3%）未被发现。在 83 起目击落水事故中，进行了 56 次救援尝试；22 名受害者被救起，但未成功复苏。这些情况、救援尝试以及救生和恢复设备的有限使用表明，需要在落水事故的事前、事中以及事后序列中采取措施，以减少这些可预防的死亡事故。船东可以考虑采取一些策略来防止未来发生致命事故，包括生命线系绳、线路管理、个人漂浮装置（PFD）、人员落水警报、回收设备和救援培训。
