1 Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
2 Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2019 Jan;33(1):30-38. doi: 10.1177/0890117118772510. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
To explore the availability and utilization of workplace health supports by employees of small and large-sized employers.
Cross-sectional, telephone-based interviews collected on 16 workplace health supports for physical activity and diet.
Participants selected by random-digit-dialing from 4 metropolitan areas of Missouri employees from 2012 to 2013.
Two thousand fifteen working adults.
We explored the availability and use of supports by employer size (<100 employees vs ≥100 employees), accounting for industry and personal factors.
We examined distributions and Poisson regression models of availability for supports by employer size and by industry and use of supports by employer size and personal factors.
One-fifth of the 1796 employees were employed by small-sized employers. Large employers offered more supports than small (mean: 6 vs 3), but a higher proportion of employees of small-sized employers used supports when available (59% vs 47%). The differences in offered supports between industries were not due to size alone. In regard to the determinants of participation, the personal factors of gender, age, weight, and income were associated with participation in 10 of the supports. Employer size was also associated with participation in 10 supports. No associations were found between personal factors or workplace size and participation for 3 supports.
A higher proportion of employees working for smaller businesses use available supports than employees of larger businesses. Supports offered by employers should target the needs and interests of the workforce, particularly for the higher risk low-income employees.
探讨大小雇主的员工可获得和利用工作场所健康支持的情况。
采用横断面、基于电话的访谈，于 2012 年至 2013 年在密苏里州的 4 个大都市区，从随机数字拨号中选择参与者，收集了 16 项关于身体活动和饮食的工作场所健康支持措施。
参与者为 2015 名在职成年人。
我们根据雇主规模（<100 名员工与≥100 名员工），考虑了行业和个人因素，探讨了支持措施的可获得性和使用情况。
我们检查了雇主规模和行业支持措施的可获得性分布和泊松回归模型，以及雇主规模和个人因素对支持措施的使用情况。
在 1796 名员工中，有 1/5 的员工受雇于小型雇主。大型雇主提供的支持措施多于小型雇主（平均：6 项与 3 项），但当支持措施可用时，更多的小型雇主员工会使用（59%与 47%）。行业间提供的支持措施差异不仅仅是因为规模。关于参与的决定因素，性别、年龄、体重和收入等个人因素与 10 项支持措施的参与有关。雇主规模也与 10 项支持措施的参与有关。个人因素或工作场所规模与 3 项支持措施的参与之间没有关联。
与大型企业的员工相比，更多在小企业工作的员工会使用现有的支持措施。雇主提供的支持措施应针对员工的需求和利益，特别是针对高风险低收入的员工。
