Tabak Rachel G, Hipp J Aaron, Marx Christine M, Brownson Ross C
Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 28;10(4):e0125424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125424. eCollection 2015.
The workplace is an important setting for health promotion including nutrition and physical activity behaviors to prevent obesity. This paper explores the relationship between workplace social environment and cultural factors and diet and physical activity (PA) behaviors and obesity among employees.
Between 2012 and 2013, telephone interviews were conducted with participants residing in four Missouri metropolitan areas. Questions included demographic characteristics, workplace socio/organizational factors related to activity and diet, and individual diet and PA behaviors, and obesity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between the workplace socio/organizational environment and nutrition, PA, and obesity.
There were differences in reported health behaviors and socio/organizational environment by gender, race, age, income, and worksite size. For example, agreement with the statement the 'company values my health' was highest among Whites, older employees, and higher income workers. As worksite size increased, the frequency of reporting seeing co-workers doing several types of healthy behaviors (eat fruits and vegetables, doing PA, and doing PA on breaks at work) increased. In adjusted analyses, employees agreeing the company values my health were more likely to engage in higher PA levels (aOR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.09-2.16) and less likely to be obese (aOR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.98). Seeing co-workers eating fruits and vegetables was associated with increased reporting of eating at least one vegetable per day (aOR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-1.91) and seeing co-workers being active was associated with higher PA levels (aOR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.19-2.05).
This research suggests that social/organizational characteristics of the workplace environment, particularly feeling the company values the workers' health and to seeing co-workers engaging in healthy behaviors, may be related to nutrition and PA behaviors and obesity. These findings point to the potential for intervention targets including environment and policy changes.
工作场所是促进健康（包括营养和身体活动行为以预防肥胖）的重要场所。本文探讨了工作场所社会环境和文化因素与员工饮食、身体活动（PA）行为及肥胖之间的关系。
2012年至2013年期间，对居住在密苏里州四个大都市地区的参与者进行了电话访谈。问题包括人口统计学特征、与活动和饮食相关的工作场所社会/组织因素、个人饮食和PA行为以及肥胖情况。采用多因素逻辑回归分析来研究工作场所社会/组织环境与营养、PA及肥胖之间的关联。
在报告的健康行为和社会/组织环境方面，存在性别、种族、年龄、收入和工作场所规模的差异。例如，对“公司重视我的健康”这一说法的认同度在白人、年长员工和高收入员工中最高。随着工作场所规模的增大，报告看到同事进行多种健康行为（吃水果和蔬菜、进行身体活动以及在工作间隙进行身体活动）的频率增加。在调整分析中，认同公司重视自己健康的员工更有可能进行更高水平的身体活动（调整后的比值比[aOR]=1.54，95%置信区间[CI]：1.09 - 2.16），且肥胖的可能性较小（aOR=0.73，95% CI：0.54 - 0.98）。看到同事吃水果和蔬菜与报告每天至少吃一种蔬菜的比例增加相关（aOR=1.43，95% CI：1.06 - 1.91）；看到同事积极活动与更高的身体活动水平相关（aOR 1.56，95% CI：1.19 - 2.05）。
本研究表明，工作场所环境的社会/组织特征，特别是感受到公司重视员工健康以及看到同事参与健康行为，可能与营养和PA行为及肥胖有关。这些发现指出了包括环境和政策改变在内的干预目标的潜力。
