School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Urgent Care North, Hartington Unit, Pleasley Ward, Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2018 Aug;27(15-16):3081-3090. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14496. Epub 2018 Jun 20.
To examine how the concept of compassion is socially constructed within UK discourse, in response to recommendations that aspiring nurses gain care experience prior to entering nurse education.
Following a report of significant failings in care, the UK government proposed prior care experience for aspiring nurses as a strategy to enhance compassion amongst the profession. Media reporting of this generated substantial online discussion, which formed the data for this research. There is a need to define how compassion is constructed through language as a limited understanding exists, of what compassion means in health care. This is important, for any meaningful evaluation of quality, compassionate practices.
A corpus-informed discourse analysis.
A 62,626-word corpus of data was analysed using Laurence Anthony software "AntCon", a free corpus analysis toolkit. Frequent words were retrieved and used as a focal point for further analysis. Concordance lines were computed and analysed in the context of which frequent word-types occurred. Patterns of language were revealed and interpreted through researcher immersion.
Findings identified that compassion was frequently described in various ways as a natural characteristic attribute. A pattern of language also referred to compassion as something that was not able to be taught, but could be developed through the repetition of behaviours observed in practice learning. In the context of compassion, the word-type "nurse" was used positively.
This study adds to important debates highlighting how compassion is constructed and defined in the context of nursing. Compassion is constructed as both an individual, personal trait and a professional behaviour to be learnt. Educational design could include effective interpersonal skills training, which may help enhance and develop compassion from within the nursing profession. Likewise, ways of thinking, behaving and communicating should also be addressed by established practitioners to maintain compassionate interactions between professionals as well as nurse-patient relationships. Future research should focus on how compassionate practice is defined by both health professionals and patients.
To maintain nursing as an attractive profession to join, it is important that nurses are viewed as compassionate. This holds implications for professional morale, associated with the continued retention and recruitment of the future workforce. Existing ideologies within the practice placement, the prior care experience environment, as well as the educational and organisational design, are crucial factors to consider, in terms of their influences on the expression of compassion in practice.
探讨在英国的话语中，同情心的概念是如何被构建的，以回应让有志成为护士的人在进入护理教育之前获得护理经验的建议。
在一份关于护理严重失误的报告之后，英国政府提出让有志成为护士的人提前获得护理经验，作为增强该职业同情心的一种策略。对此建议的媒体报道引发了大量的在线讨论，这些讨论构成了本研究的数据来源。由于对护理工作中的同情心含义缺乏有限的理解，因此有必要通过语言来定义同情心是如何构建的。这一点很重要，因为任何有意义的质量评估都需要基于有同情心的实践。
语料库启发式话语分析。
使用 Laurence Anthony 软件“AntCon”对一个包含 62626 个单词的语料库进行分析，这是一个免费的语料库分析工具包。检索到常用词，并将其作为进一步分析的重点。计算并分析了共现词的语料库行，并在出现常用词类型的上下文中进行了分析。通过研究者的深入研究，揭示并解释了语言模式。
研究结果发现，同情心经常被描述为一种自然特征属性的各种方式。语言模式还将同情心描述为一种无法教授的东西，但可以通过重复在实践学习中观察到的行为来发展。在同情心的语境中，“护士”这个词型被积极使用。
本研究增加了重要的辩论，强调了在护理背景下同情心是如何构建和定义的。同情心被构建为个人特质和需要学习的专业行为。教育设计可以包括有效的人际技能培训，这可能有助于增强和发展护理专业内部的同情心。同样，也应该由资深从业者解决思维、行为和沟通方式，以维持专业人员之间以及护患关系之间的同情心互动。未来的研究应该集中在卫生专业人员和患者如何定义有同情心的实践。
为了保持护理成为一个有吸引力的职业选择，护士被视为有同情心是很重要的。这对职业士气有影响，与未来劳动力的持续保留和招聘有关。实践安置、预先护理经验环境以及教育和组织设计中的现有观念，都是在实践中表达同情心的重要考虑因素。
