Horwitz Debra F, Rodan Ilona
Veterinary Behavior Consultations, St Louis, MO 63141, USA.
Cat Care Clinic and Cat Behavior Solutions, Madison, WI 53717, USA.
J Feline Med Surg. 2018 May;20(5):423-436. doi: 10.1177/1098612X18771204.
Practical relevance: Awareness of the strong connection between observed behavior and physical and emotional health is essential for patient welfare. It is often a change in the individual's normal behavior that informs owners and veterinarians of the possibility of illness, pain and stress/distress. There is ample evidence in the feline literature that medical and behavioral health go hand in hand. In most feline cases, medical and behavioral conditions contribute concurrently to clinical signs. Clinical challenges: Our domestic cats do not express change in physiological and emotional states in a way that is easily recognized. Therefore, it can be difficult to diagnose medical and behavioral illnesses and ascertain contributions from each one to the final diagnosis. When various levels of stress are present, especially distress, this compromises behavioral and physical health, and influences treatment outcomes.
This review is intended to help veterinarians recognize physical and behavioral changes associated with acute stress through to chronic distress, including stress-associated diseases. An emphasis on thorough history-taking will allow the clinician to ascertain which signs are behavioral and which are medical, with the understanding that they are not mutually exclusive. Equally important is the contribution of pain, chronic disease and poor environmental situations to behavioral changes and the expression of medical disorders. Evidence base: There is an increasing amount of evidence that stress and distress have profound effects on feline health, behavior and welfare. The authors have drawn on a substantial body of published veterinary research in producing this review.
实际意义：认识到观察到的行为与身体和情绪健康之间的紧密联系对于患者的福祉至关重要。通常是个体正常行为的改变让主人和兽医意识到疾病、疼痛和压力/痛苦的可能性。猫科动物文献中有大量证据表明医学和行为健康是相辅相成的。在大多数猫科动物病例中，医学和行为状况同时导致临床症状。临床挑战：我们的家猫不会以一种容易识别的方式表达生理和情绪状态的变化。因此，很难诊断医学和行为疾病并确定每种疾病对最终诊断的影响。当存在不同程度的压力，尤其是痛苦时，这会损害行为和身体健康，并影响治疗结果。
本综述旨在帮助兽医识别与急性应激直至慢性痛苦相关的身体和行为变化，包括与压力相关的疾病。强调全面的病史采集将使临床医生能够确定哪些症状是行为性的，哪些是医学性的，同时要明白它们并非相互排斥。同样重要的是疼痛、慢性疾病和不良环境状况对行为变化和医学疾病表现的影响。证据基础：越来越多的证据表明，压力和痛苦对猫科动物的健康、行为和福祉有深远影响。作者在撰写本综述时借鉴了大量已发表的兽医研究成果。
