State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Curr Drug Metab. 2019;20(1):46-53. doi: 10.2174/1389200219666180427170213.
Soy isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are bioflavonoids found in soy products that are able to interact with various hormones such as estrogen. Epidemiological studies reveal a proper level of isoflavones in diet can prevent many diseases like cancers or diabetes. Therefore, it is important to study the biotransformation and xenobiotic metabolism of soy isoflavones.
A systematic review of published studies was carried out to investigate the characterization of isoflavones and their metabolites, sample pretreatment and quantitative analysis of isoflavones, and the influence of soy isoflavones on drug and xenobiotic metabolism.
Aglycones with weak estrogen-like activities are the biologically active forms of the soy isoflavones in mammals. The most recent advances including extraction, purification and detection of isoflavones in soybean and soy products are discussed. The effects of soy isoflavones on drug and xenobiotic metabolism involve in regulation of phase I cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme and phase I detoxifying enzymes expression and activity. At the molecular level, soy isoflavones have proved capable of estrogenic/antiestrogenic with tissue-selective, anti-cancer, antiobesity, anti-oxidation, and tyrosine kinase inhibition activities.
This review summarized different aspects of soy isoflavones and their molecular mechanisms of pharmacological action on xenobiotic, which demonstrated that soy isoflavones can decrease the incidence of many diseases and benefit for human health. However, since the lack of clinical research for evaluation of the proper dosage of intake of soy isoflavones in diet or adjunctive therapy, there is a need for further studies on the selection of doses, biomedical applications and adverse effects of isoflavones for human health.
大豆异黄酮，如染料木黄酮和大豆苷元，是存在于大豆制品中的生物类黄酮，能够与各种激素（如雌激素）相互作用。流行病学研究表明，饮食中适当的异黄酮水平可以预防许多疾病，如癌症或糖尿病。因此，研究大豆异黄酮的生物转化和外来物代谢非常重要。
对已发表的研究进行了系统回顾，以研究异黄酮及其代谢物的特征、异黄酮的样品预处理和定量分析，以及大豆异黄酮对药物和外来物代谢的影响。
糖苷配基具有较弱的雌激素样活性，是哺乳动物中大豆异黄酮的生物活性形式。讨论了包括大豆和豆制品中异黄酮的提取、纯化和检测在内的最新进展。大豆异黄酮对药物和外来物代谢的影响涉及对 I 相细胞色素 P450（CYPs）酶和 I 相解毒酶表达和活性的调节。在分子水平上，大豆异黄酮已被证明具有雌激素/抗雌激素作用，具有组织选择性、抗癌、抗肥胖、抗氧化和酪氨酸激酶抑制活性。
本综述总结了大豆异黄酮的不同方面及其对药物的分子机制，表明大豆异黄酮可以降低许多疾病的发病率，有益于人类健康。然而，由于缺乏临床研究来评估饮食中或辅助治疗中摄入大豆异黄酮的适当剂量，因此需要进一步研究异黄酮的剂量选择、生物医学应用和对人类健康的不良反应。
