Mirmohammadali Seyedeh Nooshan, Rosenkranz Sara K
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, 110 Anderson Hall, 919 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, KS 66506-0110, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2023;42(3):152-171. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.2022-078. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
The role of the composition of the gut microbiota on human health is not well understood. However, during the past decade, an increased emphasis has been placed on the influence of the impact of nutrition on the composition of gut microbiota and how the gut microbiota affects human health. The current review focuses on the role of some of the most studied phytochemicals on the composition of the gut microbiota. First, the review highlights the state of the research evidence regarding dietary phytochemical consumption and gut microbiota composition, including the influence of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, glucosinolates, flavonoids, and sterols that are present in vegetables, nuts, beans, and other foods. Second, the review identifies changes in health outcomes with altered gut microbiota composition, in both animal and human model studies. Third, the review highlights research that includes both associations between dietary phytochemical consumption and gut microbiota composition, and associations between the gut microbiota composition and health outcomes, in order to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota in the relationship between dietary phytochemical consumption and health outcomes in humans and animals. The current review indicated that phytochemicals can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and decrease the risk for some diseases, such as cancers, and improve some cardiovascular and metabolic risk biomarkers. There is an urgent demand for high-quality studies that determine the relationships between the consumption of phytochemicals and health outcomes, examining gut microbiota as a moderator or mediator.
肠道微生物群的组成对人类健康的作用尚未得到充分理解。然而，在过去十年中，人们越来越重视营养对肠道微生物群组成的影响以及肠道微生物群如何影响人类健康。本综述重点关注一些研究最多的植物化学物质对肠道微生物群组成的作用。首先，综述强调了关于膳食植物化学物质摄入与肠道微生物群组成的研究证据状况，包括蔬菜、坚果、豆类和其他食物中存在的多酚、硫代葡萄糖苷、黄酮类化合物和甾醇等植物化学物质的影响。其次，综述确定了在动物和人体模型研究中，肠道微生物群组成改变时健康结果的变化。第三，综述重点介绍了包括膳食植物化学物质摄入与肠道微生物群组成之间的关联以及肠道微生物群组成与健康结果之间的关联的研究，以阐明肠道微生物群在人类和动物膳食植物化学物质摄入与健康结果之间关系中的作用。当前的综述表明，植物化学物质可以有益地改变肠道微生物群组成，并降低某些疾病（如癌症）的风险，改善一些心血管和代谢风险生物标志物。迫切需要高质量的研究来确定植物化学物质摄入与健康结果之间的关系，并将肠道微生物群作为调节因子或中介进行研究。
