Indriati Dwi Wahyu, Kotaki Tomohiro, Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah, Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari, Matondang Muhammad Qushai Yunifiar, Ueda Shuhei, Purnama Asep, Kurniawan Dwi, Kameoka Masanori
Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Curr HIV Res. 2018;16(2):158-166. doi: 10.2174/1570162X16666180502114344.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is still a major health issue in Indonesia. In recent years, the appearance of drug resistance-associated mutations has reduced the effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). We conducted genotypic studies, including the detection of drug resistance-associated mutations (from first-line regimen drugs), on HIV-1 genes derived from infected individuals in Maumere, West Nusa Tenggara. Maumere, a transit city in West Nusa Tenggara, which has a high HIV-1 transmission rate.
We collected 60 peripheral blood samples from 53 ART-experienced and 7 ART-naive individuals at TC Hillers Hospital, Maumere between 2014 and 2015. The amplification and a sequencing analysis of pol genes encoding protease (the PR gene) and reverse transcriptase (the RT gene) as well as the viral env and gag genes were performed. HIV-1 subtyping and the detection of drug resistance-associated mutations were then conducted.
Among 60 samples, 46 PR, 31 RT, 30 env, and 20 gag genes were successfully sequenced. The dominant HIV-1 subtype circulating in Maumere was CRF01_AE. Subtype B and recombinant viruses containing gene fragments of CRF01_AE, subtypes A, B, C, and/or G were also identified as minor populations. The major drug resistance-associated mutations, M184V, K103N, Y188L, and M230I, were found in the RT genes. However, no major drug resistance-associated mutations were detected in the PR genes.
CRF01_AE was the major HIV-1 subtype prevalent in Maumere. The appearance of drug resistance-associated mutations found in the present study supports the necessity of monitoring the effectiveness of ART in Maumere.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）在印度尼西亚仍是一个主要的健康问题。近年来，与耐药性相关的突变的出现降低了抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的有效性。我们对来自西努沙登加拉省毛梅雷市受感染个体的HIV-1基因进行了基因分型研究，包括检测（一线治疗方案药物的）耐药相关突变。毛梅雷是西努沙登加拉省的一个中转城市，HIV-1传播率很高。
2014年至2015年期间，我们在毛梅雷市的TC Hillers医院从53名有抗逆转录病毒治疗经验的个体和7名未接受过抗逆转录病毒治疗的个体中采集了60份外周血样本。对编码蛋白酶（PR基因）和逆转录酶（RT基因）的pol基因以及病毒env和gag基因进行了扩增和测序分析。然后进行HIV-1亚型分型和耐药相关突变的检测。
在60份样本中，46个PR基因、31个RT基因、30个env基因和20个gag基因成功测序。在毛梅雷市流行的主要HIV-1亚型是CRF01_AE。B亚型以及含有CRF01_AE、A、B、C和/或G亚型基因片段的重组病毒也被鉴定为次要群体。在RT基因中发现了主要的耐药相关突变M184V、K103N、Y188L和M230I。然而，在PR基因中未检测到主要的耐药相关突变。
CRF01_AE是毛梅雷市流行的主要HIV-1亚型。本研究中发现的耐药相关突变的出现支持了在毛梅雷市监测抗逆转录病毒疗法有效性的必要性。
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