Esmaili Daniel D, Boyer David S
Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, 001 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 301, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA.
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
F1000Res. 2018 Apr 16;7:467. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12886.1. eCollection 2018.
Retinal vein occlusions are the second most common form of retinal vascular disease. Previously, laser treatment for branch retinal vein occlusion and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for central retinal vein occlusion were the standard of care. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have a superior safety and efficacy profile for the treatment of both branch and central retinal vein occlusions. The use of wide-field fluorescein angiography has also allowed better visualization of the retinal periphery. Despite the better documentation of retinal non-perfusion, laser photocoagulation to the areas of non-perfusion does not seem to result in a reduction of macular edema or reduction in treatment burden and has been relegated to patients who develop rubeosis or neovascularization of the retina. More recently, several studies have demonstrated the use of a long-acting dexamethasone implant administered intravitreally or triamcinolone administered in the suprachoroidal space as a viable approach to treat retinal vein occlusion.
视网膜静脉阻塞是视网膜血管疾病的第二常见形式。以前，视网膜分支静脉阻塞的激光治疗和视网膜中央静脉阻塞的玻璃体内注射曲安奈德是标准治疗方法。最近的研究表明，抗血管内皮生长因子（抗VEGF）药物在治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞和视网膜中央静脉阻塞方面具有更好的安全性和疗效。广角荧光素血管造影的应用也使视网膜周边部的观察更加清晰。尽管视网膜无灌注的记录更加完善，但对无灌注区域进行激光光凝似乎并不能减轻黄斑水肿或减少治疗负担，目前仅用于发生视网膜新生血管或虹膜红变的患者。最近，多项研究表明，玻璃体内注射长效地塞米松植入剂或脉络膜上腔注射曲安奈德是治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的一种可行方法。
