Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2018 Jun;45(2):315-331. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.01.002.
Diabetes is a common chronic condition in women of reproductive age. Preconception care is crucial to reducing the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, such as hypertensive disorders, abnormal fetal growth, traumatic delivery and stillbirth, associated with poor glycemic control. Insulin is the preferred medication to optimize glucose control in women with pregestational diabetes. Frequent dose adjustments are needed during pregnancy to achieve glycemic goals, and team-based multidisciplinary care may help. Postpartum care should include lactation support, counseling on contraceptive options, and transition to primary care.
糖尿病是育龄妇女常见的慢性疾病。孕前保健对于降低与血糖控制不佳相关的不良母婴结局（如高血压疾病、胎儿生长异常、分娩创伤和死胎）的风险至关重要。对于患有孕前糖尿病的女性，胰岛素是优化血糖控制的首选药物。在怀孕期间需要频繁调整剂量以达到血糖目标，并且基于团队的多学科护理可能会有所帮助。产后护理应包括哺乳支持、避孕选择咨询以及向初级保健的过渡。
