Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova , Italy.
National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 May 12;15(5):968. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050968.
The unprecedented flow of migrants over the last three years places Italy in front of new issues regarding medical care from the rescue phase up to the integration into the national health services, including preventive actions. We used online questionnaires to investigate the Italian national and regional policies for immunization offer targeting asylum seekers, refugees, irregular migrants and unaccompanied minors. Another questionnaire was used to assess how these policies are translated into practice in migrant reception centres and community health services. Questionnaires were filled out at the national level, in 14 out of 21 Regions/Autonomous Provinces, and in 36 community health services and 28 migrant reception centres. Almost all responders stated that all vaccinations included in the National Immunization Plan are offered to migrant children and adolescents. The situation concerning adults is fragmented, with most of the Regions and local centres offering more vaccines than the national offer-which include polio, tetanus and measles⁻mumps-rubella. Data on immunized immigrants is archived at the regional/local level with different methods and not available at the national level. Further efforts to ensure consistency in vaccine provision and adequate mechanisms of exchanging data are needed to guarantee a complete vaccination offer and avoid unnecessary health actions, including unnecessary re-vaccination.
过去三年来，前所未有的移民潮给意大利带来了新的医疗保健问题，包括从救援阶段到融入国家卫生服务，包括预防措施。我们使用在线问卷调查了意大利国家和地区针对寻求庇护者、难民、非正常移民和无人陪伴未成年人的免疫接种政策。还使用了另一份问卷来评估这些政策在移民接待中心和社区卫生服务中的实际执行情况。问卷在全国范围内、21 个大区/自治省中的 14 个、36 个社区卫生服务中心和 28 个移民接待中心填写。几乎所有的答复者都表示，国家免疫计划中包含的所有疫苗都提供给移民儿童和青少年。成人的情况则较为零散，大多数地区和地方中心提供的疫苗比国家提供的多，包括脊髓灰质炎、破伤风和麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹。移民的免疫数据以不同的方法存档于地区/地方一级，而不是国家一级。需要进一步努力确保疫苗供应的一致性和数据交换的适当机制，以保证提供完整的疫苗接种，并避免不必要的卫生措施，包括不必要的重新接种。
