Moir Fiona, Yielder Jill, Sanson Jasmine, Chen Yan
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Medical Programme Directorate, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2018 May 7;9:323-333. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S137384. eCollection 2018.
Medical students are exposed to multiple factors during their academic and clinical study that have been shown to contribute to high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The purpose of this article was to explore the issue of depression in the medical student population, including prevalence, causes, and key issues, along with suggestions for early identification and support from one medical school in New Zealand. After establishing that the prevalence of depression is higher for medical students than the general population, the key issues explored include assessment used in the program, characteristics of the student population (such as Type A personality and perfectionism), resilience, selection procedures, students' motivation, and the nature of the clinical environment. This review includes several recommendations to improve students' psychological health such as positioning well-being within an overarching comprehensive workplace wellness model and integrating peer and faculty-led support into the day-to-day running of the institution. It also highlights the advantages of the addition of a well-being curriculum, as skills to prevent and manage distress and depression are relevant in supporting the competencies required by medical practitioners. It concludes that medical schools need wide-ranging strategies to address the complexities associated with the particular student population attracted to medicine and calls for educators to act, by noticing opportunities where they can introduce such initiatives into their medical programs.
医学生在其学术和临床学习过程中会接触到多种因素，这些因素已被证明会导致高度的抑郁、焦虑和压力。本文的目的是探讨医学生群体中的抑郁问题，包括患病率、成因和关键问题，以及新西兰一所医学院提出的早期识别和支持建议。在确定医学生的抑郁症患病率高于普通人群之后，探讨的关键问题包括该项目中使用的评估方法、学生群体的特征（如A型人格和完美主义）、适应能力、选拔程序、学生的动机以及临床环境的性质。本综述包括多项改善学生心理健康的建议，比如将幸福感置于全面的综合职场健康模式之中，以及将同伴和教师主导的支持融入机构的日常运作。它还强调了增设幸福课程的好处，因为预防和管理痛苦与抑郁的技能对于支持医生所需的能力至关重要。结论是医学院校需要广泛的策略来应对与吸引到医学领域的特定学生群体相关的复杂性，并呼吁教育工作者采取行动，留意他们可以将此类举措引入其医学课程的机会。
