Mazur Daniel J, Lipshultz Larry I
Division of Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6624 Fannin Street, Suite 1700, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Curr Urol Rep. 2018 May 17;19(7):54. doi: 10.1007/s11934-018-0802-3.
In many countries, the average age of paternity is rising. The negative effect of older age on fertility in women is well documented; however, less is known about the impact of paternal age on fecundity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how paternal age affects semen parameters, reproductive success, and offspring health.
Contemporary evidence confirms that aged men have worse semen parameters, including overall negative changes in sperm genetics. Reproductive outcomes with unassisted pregnancy tend to be worse with older fathers. While most current studies of assisted pregnancy do show a negative effect of paternal age, there are some conflicting results. Studies continue to show an overall increased risk of health problems, particularly neuropsychiatric conditions, in the offspring of older men. While men can often maintain fertility potential throughout a lifetime, increasing evidence indicates worsening of semen parameters, including sperm genetics, and potentially worse reproductive success. Older men should also be counseled on their offspring's possible increased risk of certain medical conditions.
在许多国家，父亲的平均年龄正在上升。高龄对女性生育能力的负面影响已有充分记录；然而，关于父亲年龄对生育力的影响却知之甚少。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于父亲年龄如何影响精液参数、生殖成功率和后代健康的知识。
当代证据证实，老年男性的精液参数较差，包括精子遗传学方面的总体负面变化。父亲年龄较大时，自然受孕的生殖结局往往较差。虽然目前大多数关于辅助受孕的研究确实显示了父亲年龄的负面影响，但也有一些相互矛盾的结果。研究继续表明，老年男性后代出现健康问题的总体风险增加，尤其是神经精神疾病。虽然男性通常一生都能保持生育潜力，但越来越多的证据表明精液参数会恶化，包括精子遗传学，生殖成功率也可能降低。还应向老年男性咨询其后代患某些疾病的风险可能增加的情况。
