竹叶提取物对热应激奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃细菌群落的影响
Effects of bamboo leaf extract on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial communities of heat-stressed dairy cows.
作者信息
Li Yi, Fang Luoyun, Xue Fuguang, Mao Shengyong, Xiong Benhai, Ma Zhu, Jiang Linshu
机构信息
Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
出版信息
Anim Biosci. 2021 Nov;34(11):1784-1793. doi: 10.5713/ab.20.0527. Epub 2021 Jan 14.
OBJECTIVE
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial communities of heat-stressed dairy cows.
METHODS
The experiment comprised a 14-day adaptation period and a 21-day experimental period and was conducted in a high-temperature and humidity environment (daily mean ambient temperature = 33.5°C±1.3°C; daily mean relative humidity = 64.9%±0.8%, daily mean temperature-humidity index = 86.2±0.4). Twelve Holstein dairy cows were randomly allocated into two groups. A total mixed ration supplemented with BLE at 0 (CON) and 1.3 g/kg dry matter (DM) were fed, respectively. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk samples were collected on 1, 11, and 21 d of the experimental period to analyze milk performance. Rumen fluid samples were collected on 21 d of the experimental period to analyze rumen fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial communities.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, supplementation of BLE increased milk yield (p<0.01), milk fat yield (p = 0.04), 4% fat-corrected milk (p<0.01) and milk fat content (p<0.01); reduced somatic cell count (p<0.01). No differences in DM intake and milk protein or lactose content were observed between two groups. Supplementation of BLE also increased the rumen total volatile fatty acid (p<0.01), acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.01), and valerate (p = 0.05) concentrations. However, no significant effects were observed on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, propionate, acetate/propionate ratio, isobutyrate, or isovalerate. Furthermore, BLE increased the rumen bacterial abundance and the diversity of the rumen bacterial community. The BLE reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes abundance ratio and increased the abundances of Butyrivibrio_2 (p<0.01) and Ruminococcus_2 (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION
The BLE supplementation at 1.3 g/kg DM could improve production performance and rumen fermentation in dairy cows during heat stress.
目的
进行一项实验以评估竹叶提取物（BLE）对热应激奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃细菌群落的影响。
方法
实验包括14天的适应期和21天的实验期，在高温高湿环境中进行（日平均环境温度 = 33.5°C±1.3°C；日平均相对湿度 = 64.9%±0.8%，日平均温湿度指数 = 86.2±0.4）。12头荷斯坦奶牛被随机分为两组。分别饲喂添加0（对照组）和1.3 g/kg干物质（DM）的BLE的全混合日粮。每天记录采食量和产奶量。在实验期的第1、11和21天采集牛奶样本以分析牛奶性能。在实验期的第21天采集瘤胃液样本以分析瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃细菌群落。
结果
与对照组相比，添加BLE提高了产奶量（p<0.01）、乳脂产量（p = 0.04）、4%乳脂校正乳（p<0.01）和乳脂含量（p<0.01）；降低了体细胞数（p<0.01）。两组之间在干物质采食量、乳蛋白或乳糖含量方面未观察到差异。添加BLE还提高了瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸（p<0.01）、乙酸（p<0.01）、丁酸（p<0.01）和戊酸（p = 0.05）浓度。然而，在瘤胃pH、氨氮、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸比值、异丁酸或异戊酸方面未观察到显著影响。此外，BLE增加了瘤胃细菌丰度和瘤胃细菌群落的多样性。BLE降低了厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门丰度比值，并增加了丁酸弧菌属_2（p<0.01）和瘤胃球菌属_2（p<0.01）的丰度。
结论
在热应激期间，以1.3 g/kg DM的量添加BLE可改善奶牛的生产性能和瘤胃发酵。
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