Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2018 Aug;53:44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 May 19.
Biological membranes are vital, active contributors to cell function. In addition to specific interactions of individual lipid molecules and lateral organization produced by membrane domains, the bulk physicochemical properties of biological membranes broadly regulate protein structure and function. Therefore, these properties must be homeostatically maintained within a narrow range that is compatible with cellular physiology. Although such adaptiveness has been known for decades, recent observations have dramatically expanded its scope by showing the breadth of membrane properties that must be maintained, and revealing the remarkable diversity of biological membranes, both within and between cell types. Cells have developed a broad palette of sense-and-respond machineries to mediate physicochemical membrane homeostasis, and the molecular mechanisms of these are being discovered through combinations of cell biology, biophysical approaches, and computational modeling.
生物膜是细胞功能的重要活性贡献者。除了个别脂质分子的特定相互作用和由膜域产生的横向组织外，生物膜的整体物理化学性质还广泛调节蛋白质的结构和功能。因此，这些性质必须在与细胞生理学相容的狭窄范围内保持内稳态。尽管这种适应性已经为人所知几十年，但最近的观察结果通过显示必须维持的膜性质的广度，并揭示了生物膜在细胞类型内和之间的显著多样性，极大地扩展了它的范围。细胞已经开发出广泛的感知和响应机制来调节物理化学膜的内稳态，而这些机制的分子机制正在通过细胞生物学、生物物理方法和计算建模的组合来发现。
