Avrămescu Roxana-Elena, Ghica Mihaela Violeta, Dinu-Pîrvu Cristina, Prisada Răzvan, Popa Lăcrămioara
Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
Materials (Basel). 2018 May 22;11(5):866. doi: 10.3390/ma11050866.
Since ancient times humans observed animal and plants features and tried to adapt them according to their own needs. Biomimetics represents the foundation of many inventions from various fields: From transportation devices (helicopter, airplane, submarine) and flying techniques, to sports' wear industry (swimming suits, scuba diving gear, Velcro closure system), bullet proof vests made from Kevlar etc. It is true that nature provides numerous noteworthy models (shark skin, spider web, lotus leaves), referring both to the plant and animal kingdom. This review paper summarizes a few of "nature's interventions" in human evolution, regarding understanding of surface wettability and development of innovative special surfaces. Empirical models are described in order to reveal the science behind special wettable surfaces (superhydrophobic /superhydrophilic). Materials and methods used in order to artificially obtain special wettable surfaces are described in correlation with plants' and animals' unique features. Emphasis is placed on joining superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, with important applications in cell culturing, microorganism isolation/separation and molecule screening techniques. Bio-inspired wettability is presented as a constitutive part of traditional devices/systems, intended to improve their characteristics and extend performances.
自古以来，人类就观察动植物的特征，并试图根据自身需求加以应用。仿生学是众多领域诸多发明的基础：从运输工具（直升机、飞机、潜艇）和飞行技术，到运动服装行业（泳衣、水肺潜水装备、尼龙搭扣闭合系统），以及由凯夫拉尔纤维制成的防弹背心等等。的确，自然界提供了众多值得关注的范例（鲨鱼皮、蜘蛛网、荷叶），涵盖了植物界和动物界。这篇综述文章总结了自然界在人类进化过程中，在理解表面润湿性和开发创新型特殊表面方面的一些“干预”。文中描述了实证模型，以揭示特殊可润湿性表面（超疏水/超亲水）背后的科学原理。阐述了为人工获得特殊可润湿性表面而采用的材料和方法，并将其与动植物的独特特征相关联。重点介绍了超疏水表面与超亲水表面的结合，及其在细胞培养、微生物分离和分子筛选技术中的重要应用。受生物启发的润湿性被视为传统设备/系统的一个组成部分，旨在改善其特性并提升性能。
