Hipp John R, Wickes Rebecca
Department of Criminology, Law and Society and Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, United States.
School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Soc Sci Res. 2018 Jul;73:107-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.03.015. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Using two waves of survey data for residents in neighborhoods in Brisbane, this study explores the interdependent relationship between residents' perceptions of neighboring, cohesion, collective efficacy, neighborhood disorder, and the actions they take to address these problems. Our longitudinal results show that residents' perceived severity of a problem helps explain engaging in activity to address the problem. People loitering appeared to be the most galvanizing problem for residents, but had particularly deleterious effects on perceptions of cohesion and collective efficacy. We also find that residents who perceive more neighboring in their local area engage in more public and parochial social control activity and residents who live in collectively efficacious neighborhoods are more likely to engage in parochial social control action. Furthermore, residents who themselves perceive more collective efficacy in the neighborhood engage in more parochial or public social control during the subsequent time period. Importantly, we find strong evidence that residents update their sense of collective efficacy. Perceiving more problems in the neighborhood, and perceiving that these problems are increasing, reduced perceptions of neighboring and collective efficacy over time.
本研究利用布里斯班社区居民的两波调查数据，探讨居民对邻里关系、凝聚力、集体效能感、社区混乱的认知以及他们为解决这些问题所采取的行动之间的相互依存关系。我们的纵向研究结果表明，居民对问题严重程度的认知有助于解释他们参与解决问题活动的情况。对居民来说，闲逛的人似乎是最能激发行动的问题，但对凝聚力和集体效能感的认知有特别有害的影响。我们还发现，在当地感觉到更多邻里互动的居民会参与更多公共和地方社会控制活动，而生活在有集体效能感社区的居民更有可能参与地方社会控制行动。此外，在邻里中自身感觉到更强集体效能感的居民在随后的时间段内会参与更多地方或公共社会控制。重要的是，我们发现有力证据表明居民会更新他们的集体效能感。随着时间的推移，察觉到社区中有更多问题且这些问题在增加，会降低对邻里关系和集体效能感的认知。
