Boston, Mass.; Santa Rosa, Calif.; and Nijmegen, Rotterdam, and Enschede, The Netherlands.
From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University; the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center; the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus University; and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jun;141(6):1561-1577. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004375.
Previous research has highlighted the gender-based disparities present throughout the field of surgery. This study aims to evaluate the breadth of the issues facing women in plastic surgery, worldwide.
A systematic scoping review was undertaken from October of 2016 to January of 2017, with no restrictions on date or language. A narrative synthesis of the literature according to themed issues was developed, together with a summary of relevant numeric data.
From the 2247 articles identified, 55 articles were included in the analysis. The majority of articles were published from the United States. Eight themes were identified, as follows: (1) workforce figures; (2) gender bias and discrimination; (3) leadership and academia; (4) mentorship and role models; (5) pregnancy, parenting, and childcare; (6) relationships, work-life balance, and professional satisfaction; (7) patient/public preference; and (8) retirement and financial planning. Despite improvement in numbers over time, women plastic surgeons continue to be underrepresented in the United States, Canada, and Europe, with prevalence ranging from 14 to 25.7 percent. Academic plastic surgeons are less frequently female than male, and women academic plastic surgeons score less favorably when outcomes of academic success are evaluated. Finally, there has been a shift away from overt discrimination toward a more ingrained, implicit bias, and most published cases of bias and discrimination are in association with pregnancy.
The first step toward addressing the issues facing women plastic surgeons is recognition and articulation of the issues. Further research may focus on analyzing geographic variation in the issues and developing appropriate interventions.
先前的研究强调了外科领域中存在的性别差异。本研究旨在评估全球范围内女性在整形外科学中面临的问题的广度。
我们于 2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 1 月进行了系统的范围界定审查，对日期或语言没有任何限制。根据主题问题对文献进行了叙述性综合分析，并总结了相关的数值数据。
从确定的 2247 篇文章中，有 55 篇文章被纳入分析。大多数文章来自美国。确定了 8 个主题，分别是：（1）劳动力数据；（2）性别偏见和歧视；（3）领导力和学术界；（4）指导和榜样；（5）怀孕、育儿和儿童保育；（6）关系、工作与生活平衡和职业满意度；（7）患者/公众偏好；以及（8）退休和财务规划。尽管随着时间的推移人数有所增加，但在美国、加拿大和欧洲，女性整形外科医生的人数仍然不足，比例范围从 14%到 25.7%。学术整形外科医生中女性的比例低于男性，当评估学术成功的结果时，女性学术整形外科医生的得分较低。最后，从明显的歧视转变为更根深蒂固的隐性偏见，而且大多数发表的偏见和歧视案例都与怀孕有关。
解决女性整形外科医生面临的问题的第一步是认识和阐明这些问题。进一步的研究可能侧重于分析问题的地理差异，并制定适当的干预措施。
