Médecins Sans Frontières, Mission in Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Médecins Sans Frontières, Vienna Evaluation Unit, Austria.
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Jul;209:86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.038. Epub 2018 May 23.
During 2015 and 2016, an unprecedented flow of approximately 800,000 migrants coming from Turkey towards Western Europe crossed the Balkans. Male migrants are perceived as being less vulnerable compared to other migrants and they are not given priority in service and support provision. This qualitative study examines the self-perceived vulnerabilities of male migrants travelling alone along the Balkan route to Europe. Twenty-four individual in-depth interviews, two group interviews and participant observation were conducted with male migrants in Belgrade, Serbia in 2017. Data was coded manually, and analysed thematically. Male migrants traveling alone face the cumulative vulnerability of various traumatic events and migration-related contextual circumstances. Three main themes emerged: the ongoing desperate journey, the better treatment of 'traditionally' well recognised vulnerable sub-groups and the impact of the continuous stress on mental health. Deterrence measures imposed for border control purposes in the form of push-backs, expulsions, detention and degrading, inhumane treatment amplify the psychological distress of male migrants. Feelings of hopelessness, desperation, lack of self-value and self-esteem were reported. 'Traditionally vulnerable' populations were said to have had better treatment throughout the journey from smugglers, border state authorities, governmental officials, civil society and international organizations. The devastating experiences of male migrants, as well as the better treatment offered to other groups of migrants like women and children, results in a perceived neglect of the needs of men in humanitarian response, rendering them vulnerable and exposing them to further health and protection risks. In a context where needs are unmet and people's dignity and health are at risk, specific strategies should be developed to include men in the assistance and protection offered, particularly in relation to exposure to violence.
在 2015 年和 2016 年期间，大约有 80 万移民从土耳其涌入西欧，穿越巴尔干半岛。与其他移民相比，男性移民被认为不太脆弱，他们在服务和支持提供方面没有得到优先考虑。这项定性研究考察了独自沿着巴尔干路线前往欧洲的男性移民的自我感知脆弱性。2017 年，在塞尔维亚的贝尔格莱德对 24 名男性移民进行了 24 次个人深入访谈、2 次小组访谈和参与者观察。数据是手动编码的，并进行了主题分析。独自旅行的男性移民面临着各种创伤性事件和与移民相关的背景情况的累积脆弱性。出现了三个主要主题：持续的绝望之旅、“传统上”公认的弱势群体得到更好的待遇以及持续的压力对心理健康的影响。边境管制措施以推回、驱逐、拘留和有辱人格、不人道待遇的形式实施，加剧了男性移民的心理困扰。报告了绝望、绝望、缺乏自我价值和自尊的感觉。据说，在从走私者、边境国家当局、政府官员、民间社会和国际组织的整个旅程中，“传统上脆弱”的人群得到了更好的待遇。男性移民的破坏性经历，以及对妇女和儿童等其他移民群体的更好待遇，导致人们忽视了人道主义应对中男性的需求，使他们变得脆弱，并使他们面临进一步的健康和保护风险。在需求未得到满足和人们的尊严和健康受到威胁的情况下，应制定具体战略，将男性纳入提供的援助和保护，特别是在接触暴力方面。
