Université Paris-Est, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
Prog Lipid Res. 2018 Jul;71:43-53. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003. Epub 2018 May 26.
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the responses controlled by PA. Are there generic responses to PA, meaning that cell regulation triggered by PA would be always the same, even in opposite physiological situations? Alternatively, do the responses to PA differ according to the physiological context within the cells? If so, the mechanisms that regulate the divergence of PA-controlled reactions are poorly defined. This review summarizes the latest opinions on how PA signalling is directed in plant cells and examines the intrinsic properties of PA that enable its regulatory diversity. We propose a concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments.
磷脂酸（PA）是一种在大多数生物中都存在的简单磷脂。PA 作为一种关键的代谢中间产物和第二信使，调节着许多细胞活动。在植物中，PA 参与了激素、胁迫输入和发育过程诱导的许多细胞反应。有趣的是，PA 的产生可以被相反的胁迫源触发，如冷和热，或被认为是拮抗的激素触发，如脱落酸和水杨酸。这种特性质疑了由 PA 控制的反应的特异性。是否存在针对 PA 的通用反应，也就是说，即使在相反的生理情况下，由 PA 触发的细胞调节是否总是相同？或者，PA 的反应是否根据细胞内的生理环境而不同？如果是这样，那么调节 PA 控制的反应分歧的机制就还没有被很好地定义。这篇综述总结了关于 PA 信号在植物细胞中如何被定向的最新观点，并探讨了 PA 能够实现其调节多样性的内在特性。我们提出了一个概念，即 PA 调节信息被视为复杂的“特征”，它们考虑了它们的产生部位、靶蛋白的可用性和相关的细胞环境。
