ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 , St. Petersburg , Russia Federation.
J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Jun 20;66(24):5925-5947. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01407. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
Carotenoids are the most powerful nutrients (medicine) on earth due to their potent antioxidant properties. The ability of these tetraterpenoids in obviating human chronic ailments like cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes has drawn public attention toward these novel compounds. Conventionally, carotenoids have been extracted from plant materials and agro-industrial byproduct using different solvents, but these procedures result in contaminating the target compound (carotenoids) with extraction solvents. Furthermore, some utilized solvents are not safe and hence are harmful to the environment. This has attracted criticism from consumers, ecologists, environmentalists, and public health workers. However, there is clear consumer preference for carotenoids from natural origin without traces of extracting solvent. Therefore, this review seeks to discuss methods for higher recovery of pure carotenoids without contamination from a solvent. Methods such as enzyme-based extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and postextraction treatment (saponification) are discussed. Merits and demerits of these methods along with health concerns during intake of carotenoids were also considered.
类胡萝卜素是地球上最强大的营养物质（药物），因为它们具有强大的抗氧化特性。这些四萜类化合物在消除癌症、心血管疾病、骨质疏松症和糖尿病等人类慢性疾病方面的能力引起了公众对这些新型化合物的关注。传统上，使用不同的溶剂从植物材料和农业工业副产品中提取类胡萝卜素，但这些方法会导致目标化合物（类胡萝卜素）被提取溶剂污染。此外，一些使用的溶剂不安全，因此对环境有害。这引起了消费者、生态学家、环保主义者和公共卫生工作者的批评。然而，消费者显然更喜欢来自天然来源、不含提取溶剂痕迹的类胡萝卜素。因此，本综述旨在讨论在不污染溶剂的情况下更高地回收纯类胡萝卜素的方法。讨论了基于酶的提取、超临界流体提取、微波辅助提取、索氏提取、超声波提取和提取后处理（皂化）等方法。还考虑了这些方法的优缺点以及摄入类胡萝卜素时的健康问题。
