Pittis Lauren, Rodrigues de Oliveira Diego, Vega Gutierrez Sarath M, Robinson Seri C
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Wood Science & Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2018 May 27;11(6):897. doi: 10.3390/ma11060897.
The use of both naturally occurring and synthetic pigmented wood has been prevalent in woodcraft for centuries. Modern manifestations generally involve either woodworkers' aniline dyes, or pigments derived from a special class of fungi known as spalting fungi. While fungal pigments are more renewable than anilines and pose less of an environmental risk, the carrier required for these pigments-dichloromethane (DCM)-is both problematic for humans and tends to only deposit the pigments on the surface of wood instead of evenly within the material. Internal coloration of wood is key to adoption of a pigmenting system by woodworkers. To address this issue, five solvents that had moderate solubility with the pigments extracted from and were identified, in the hopes that a reduction in solubility would result in a greater amount of the pigment deposited inside the wood. Of the tested solvents, acetonitrile was found to produce the highest internal color in ash, Douglas-fir, madrone, mountain hemlock, Port-Orford cedar, Pacific silver fir, red alder and sugar maple. While these carrier solvents are not ideal for extracting the pigments from the fungi, acetonitrile in particular does appear to allow for more pigment to be deposited within wood. The use of acetonitrile over DCM offers new opportunities for possible industrial spalting applications, in which larger pieces of wood could be uniformly pigmented and sold to the end user in larger quantities than are currently available with spalted wood.
几个世纪以来，天然和合成色素木材在木工工艺中一直被广泛使用。现代的表现形式通常涉及木工用的苯胺染料，或源自一类特殊真菌（称为变色真菌）的色素。虽然真菌色素比苯胺更可再生，且环境风险更小，但这些色素所需的载体——二氯甲烷（DCM）——对人类来说存在问题，而且往往只能将色素沉积在木材表面，而不是均匀地沉积在材料内部。木材内部染色是木工采用色素系统的关键。为了解决这个问题，人们确定了五种与从[具体真菌名称1]和[具体真菌名称2]中提取的色素具有适度溶解度的溶剂，希望溶解度的降低能导致更多的色素沉积在木材内部。在测试的溶剂中，发现乙腈能使白蜡木、花旗松、浆果鹃、铁杉、俄勒冈白栎、太平洋银冷杉、红桤木和糖枫产生最高的内部颜色。虽然这些载体溶剂对于从真菌中提取色素并不理想，但特别是乙腈似乎确实能使更多的色素沉积在木材中。与二氯甲烷相比，乙腈的使用为可能的工业变色应用提供了新机会，在这种应用中，更大的木材块可以被均匀地染色，并以比目前变色木材更大的数量出售给最终用户。
