Wu Yan, Zheng Jing, Liu Ke, Baggs Judith G, Liu Jiali, Liu Xu, You Liming
School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Res Nurs Health. 2018 Jun 4. doi: 10.1002/nur.21882.
Occupational hazards (OHs) and occupational injuries (OIs) may contribute to nurses needing sick time and to a high financial burden for hospitals. There is little published literature about nurse-reported OHs/OIs and their relationships with work environments and working overtime in China. This study was designed to describe Chinese hospital registered nurses' OHs/OIs and to explore the associations between work environments, working overtime, and nurse-reported OHs/OIs. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong province in China in 2014. The sample included 1,517 nurses from 111 medical/surgical units in 23 hospitals. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index was used to measure work environment. Overtime was calculated by subtracting scheduled work hours from actual work hours. Six items were used to measure nurse-reported OHs/OIs. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and two-level logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. The percentages of nurses reporting OHs/OIs occurred in the year before the survey ranged from 47% to 80%. Nurses who worked in good (vs. poor) unit work environments were less likely to experience OHs/OIs (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.65-0.68, p < .05). Nurses who worked overtime (OR = 1.19-1.33, p < .05) and in Level 3 (largest) hospitals (OR = 1.45-1.80, p < .05) were more likely to experience OHs/OIs. We found that OHs/OIs were prevalent among hospital nurses in China. Better work environment and less nurse overtime were associated with fewer nurse OHs/OIs.
职业危害（OHs）和职业伤害（OIs）可能导致护士需要请病假，并给医院带来高昂的经济负担。在中国，关于护士报告的职业危害/职业伤害及其与工作环境和加班之间关系的已发表文献很少。本研究旨在描述中国医院注册护士的职业危害/职业伤害，并探讨工作环境、加班与护士报告的职业危害/职业伤害之间的关联。这项横断面研究于2014年在中国广东省进行。样本包括来自23家医院111个内科/外科科室的1517名护士。使用护理工作指数的实践环境量表来衡量工作环境。加班时间通过实际工作时间减去排班工作时间来计算。使用六个项目来衡量护士报告的职业危害/职业伤害。采用描述性统计、卡方检验和二级逻辑回归模型对数据进行分析。在调查前一年报告发生职业危害/职业伤害的护士比例在47%至80%之间。在良好（与较差）的科室工作环境中工作的护士发生职业危害/职业伤害的可能性较小（优势比[OR] = 0.65 - 0.68，p <.05）。加班的护士（OR = 1.19 - 1.33，p <.05）以及在三级（最大）医院工作的护士（OR = 1.45 - 1.80，p <.05）发生职业危害/职业伤害的可能性更大。我们发现职业危害/职业伤害在中国医院护士中很普遍。更好的工作环境和更少的护士加班与更少发生职业危害/职业伤害相关。
