Curtis Sherill K, Benner David B
Department of Biophysics, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614.
Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614.
J Morphol. 1991 Oct;210(1):85-99. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052100108.
In artificial fluid, the spermatozoa move as linear cells or round up and rotate, propelled by spontaneous bending of their tails. Both linear and rounded cells can move forward and backward, but usually they move forward. The tails of all cells display, simultaneously, small primary bends and fewer, much larger secondary bends. Rounded cells form single secondary bends that remain unchanged as the cells rotate. They also form "node-like" primary bends that travel posteriorly or anteriorly as the cells rotate forward or backward, respectively. Linear cells move their anterior regions into and out of focus in a cyclic fashion. They form rather prominent primary bends, as well as two to four secondary bends that travel posteriorly as the cells move forward. Secondary bends change in shape continuously and are not sinusoidal. The cells follow approximately linear trajectories, but the distances traveled per cycle, speeds, and secondary bending patterns are variable. When methyl cellulose is added to artificial fluid, linear movement is improved, and forward speeds are approximately tripled. The movement of spermatozoa in natural fluid of the female reproductive tract is remarkably less stereotyped than that of cells in artificial fluid. The cells, usually resembling straight lines or arcs, are very flexible and active. They lack obvious cyclic activity and double bending patterns. They are capable of moving both forward and backward and of adjusting their bending activity and speed within rather wide limits. Their average forward speed is about nine times faster than that of cells in artificial fluid.
在人工培养液中，精子呈线性细胞移动，或团缩并旋转，由其尾部的自发弯曲推动。线性细胞和圆形细胞都能向前和向后移动，但通常它们向前移动。所有细胞的尾部同时呈现小的初级弯曲和较少但大得多的次级弯曲。圆形细胞形成单个次级弯曲，在细胞旋转时保持不变。它们还形成“节点状”初级弯曲，分别在细胞向前或向后旋转时向后或向前移动。线性细胞以循环方式将其前部区域移入和移出焦点。它们形成相当明显的初级弯曲，以及两到四个在细胞向前移动时向后移动的次级弯曲。次级弯曲的形状不断变化，不是正弦波状。细胞大致沿直线轨迹移动，但每个周期的移动距离、速度和次级弯曲模式是可变的。当向人工培养液中添加甲基纤维素时，线性运动得到改善，向前速度大约增加两倍。精子在女性生殖道自然培养液中的运动比在人工培养液中的细胞运动明显缺乏刻板模式。细胞通常类似直线或弧线，非常灵活且活跃。它们缺乏明显的循环活动和双重弯曲模式。它们能够向前和向后移动，并能在相当宽的范围内调节其弯曲活动和速度。它们的平均向前速度比人工培养液中的细胞快约九倍。
