Pojskic Haris, Åslin Erik, Krolo Ante, Jukic Ivan, Uljevic Ognjen, Spasic Miodrag, Sekulic Damir
Department for Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
The Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Front Physiol. 2018 May 15;9:506. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00506. eCollection 2018.
Agility is a significant determinant of success in soccer; however, studies have rarely presented and evaluated soccer-specific tests of reactive agility (S_RAG) and non-reactive agility (change of direction speed - S_CODS) or their applicability in this sport. The aim of this study was to define the reliability and validity of newly developed tests of the S_RAG and S_CODS to discriminate between the performance levels of junior soccer players. The study consisted of 20 players who were involved at the highest national competitive rank (all males; age: 17.0 ± 0.9 years), divided into three playing positions (defenders, midfielders, and forwards) and two performance levels (U17 and U19). Variables included body mass (BM), body height, body fat percentage, 20-m sprint, squat jump, countermovement jump, reactive-strength-index, unilateral jump, 1RM-back-squat, S_CODS, and three protocols of S_RAG. The reliabilities of the S_RAG and S_CODS were appropriate to high (ICC: 0.70 to 0.92), with the strongest reliability evidenced for the S_CODS. The S_CODS and S_RAG shared 25-40% of the common variance. Playing positions significantly differed in BM (large effect-size differences [ES]; midfielders were lightest) and 1RM-back-squat (large ES; lowest results in midfielders). The performance levels significantly differed in age and experience in soccer; U19 achieved better results in the S_CODS (-test: 3.61, < 0.05, large ES) and two S_RAG protocols (-test: 2.14 and 2.41, < 0.05, moderate ES). Newly developed tests of soccer-specific agility are applicable to differentiate U17 and U19 players. Coaches who work with young soccer athletes should be informed that the development of soccer-specific CODS and RAG in this age is mostly dependent on training of the specific motor proficiency.
敏捷性是足球运动成功的一个重要决定因素；然而，很少有研究提出并评估针对足球的反应敏捷性（S_RAG）和非反应敏捷性（变向速度 - S_CODS）测试，或它们在这项运动中的适用性。本研究的目的是确定新开发的S_RAG和S_CODS测试的可靠性和有效性，以区分青少年足球运动员的表现水平。该研究由20名处于国家最高竞技水平的球员组成（均为男性；年龄：17.0 ± 0.9岁），分为三个比赛位置（后卫、中场和前锋）以及两个表现水平（U17和U19）。变量包括体重（BM）、身高、体脂百分比、20米冲刺、深蹲跳、反向移动跳、反应力量指数、单腿跳、1RM后蹲、S_CODS以及三种S_RAG测试方案。S_RAG和S_CODS的可靠性为中等至高度（组内相关系数：0.70至0.92），其中S_CODS的可靠性最强。S_CODS和S_RAG共享25 - 40%的共同方差。比赛位置在BM（大效应量差异[ES]；中场球员最轻）和1RM后蹲（大ES；中场球员成绩最低）方面存在显著差异。表现水平在足球年龄和经验方面存在显著差异；U19在S_CODS（t检验：3.61，P < 0.05，大ES）和两种S_RAG测试方案（t检验：2.14和2.41，P < 0.05，中等ES）中取得了更好的成绩。新开发的针对足球的敏捷性测试适用于区分U17和U19球员。与年轻足球运动员合作的教练应了解，这个年龄段针对足球的CODS和RAG的发展主要取决于特定运动技能的训练。
