Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2018 Oct;51:125-131. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.06.002. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Restriction of dietary protein intake increases food intake and energy expenditure, reduces growth, and alters amino acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. While these responses suggest that animals 'sense' variations in amino acid consumption, the basic physiological mechanism mediating the adaptive response to protein restriction has been largely undescribed. In this review we make the case that the liver-derived metabolic hormone FGF21 is the key signal which communicates and coordinates the homeostatic response to dietary protein restriction. Support for this model centers on the evidence that FGF21 is induced by the restriction of dietary protein or amino acid intake and is required for adaptive changes in metabolism and behavior. FGF21 occupies a unique endocrine niche, being induced when energy intake is adequate but protein and carbohydrate are imbalanced. Collectively, the evidence thus suggests that FGF21 is the first known endocrine signal of dietary protein restriction.
限制蛋白质的摄入会增加食物的摄入量和能量消耗，降低生长速度，并改变氨基酸、脂质和葡萄糖代谢。虽然这些反应表明动物“感知”到氨基酸消耗的变化，但介导对蛋白质限制的适应性反应的基本生理机制在很大程度上仍未被描述。在这篇综述中，我们认为肝脏来源的代谢激素 FGF21 是将信号传递并协调对饮食中蛋白质限制的稳态反应的关键信号。支持这一模型的证据主要集中在以下方面：FGF21 是由饮食中蛋白质或氨基酸摄入的限制诱导产生的，并且是代谢和行为适应性变化所必需的。FGF21 占据了一个独特的内分泌生态位，当能量摄入充足但蛋白质和碳水化合物失衡时，它就会被诱导产生。总的来说，这些证据表明，FGF21 是第一个已知的饮食蛋白质限制的内分泌信号。
