Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
J Bacteriol. 2018 Aug 10;200(17). doi: 10.1128/JB.00128-18. Print 2018 Sep 1.
The abundance of oxidants and reductants must be balanced for an organism to thrive. Bacteria have evolved methods to prevent redox imbalances and to mitigate their deleterious consequences through the expression of detoxification enzymes, antioxidants, and systems to repair or degrade damaged proteins and DNA. Regulating these processes in response to redox changes requires sophisticated surveillance strategies ranging from metal chelation to direct sensing of toxic reactive oxygen species. In the case of bacterial pathogens, stress that threatens to disrupt redox homeostasis can derive from endogenous sources (produced by the bacteria) or exogenous sources (produced by the host). This minireview summarizes the sources of redox stress encountered during infection, the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens diminish the damaging effects of redox stress, and the clever ways some organisms have evolved to thrive in the face of redox challenges during infection.
为了使生物体茁壮成长，氧化剂和还原剂的含量必须保持平衡。细菌已经进化出各种方法来防止氧化还原失衡，并通过表达解毒酶、抗氧化剂以及修复或降解受损蛋白质和 DNA 的系统来减轻其有害后果。为了响应氧化还原变化调节这些过程，需要从金属螯合到直接感测有毒活性氧物质等复杂的监测策略。对于细菌病原体，威胁到氧化还原平衡的压力可能来自于内源性来源（由细菌产生）或外源性来源（由宿主产生）。这篇小综述总结了感染过程中遇到的氧化还原应激源、细菌病原体减轻氧化还原应激破坏性影响的机制，以及一些生物体在感染过程中面对氧化还原挑战时进化出的巧妙生存方式。
