Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Front Immunol. 2018 May 28;9:1105. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01105. eCollection 2018.
Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased understanding of the functional mechanisms of fish antimicrobial host defenses is an important step forward in prevention of pathogen-induced morbidity and mortality in aquaculture setting. Like other vertebrates, macrophage-lineage cells are integral to fish immune responses and for this reason, much of the recent fish immunology research has focused on fish macrophage biology. These studies have revealed notable similarities as well as striking differences in the molecular strategies by which fish and higher vertebrates control their respective macrophage polarization and functionality. In this review, we address the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of teleost macrophage functional heterogeneity and immunity, focusing on the key cytokine regulators that control fish macrophage development and their antimicrobial armamentarium.
过度拥挤的条件和温度变化经常导致养殖鱼类的大规模感染，给全球水产养殖业造成经济损失。增加对鱼类抗菌宿主防御功能机制的了解是预防水产养殖环境中病原体引起的发病率和死亡率的重要一步。与其他脊椎动物一样，巨噬细胞谱系细胞是鱼类免疫反应的重要组成部分，因此，最近的鱼类免疫学研究大多集中在鱼类巨噬细胞生物学上。这些研究揭示了鱼类和高等脊椎动物在控制各自巨噬细胞极化和功能的分子策略上既有显著的相似之处，也有惊人的差异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了硬骨鱼类巨噬细胞功能异质性和免疫的生物学机制的现有认识，重点介绍了控制鱼类巨噬细胞发育和抗菌武器库的关键细胞因子调节剂。
