ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Jun 11;126(6):067002. doi: 10.1289/EHP2590. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Extreme cold and heat have been linked to an increased risk of occupational injuries. However, the evidence is still limited to a small number of studies of people with relatively few injuries and with a limited geographic extent, and the corresponding economic effect has not been studied in detail.
We assessed the relationship between ambient temperatures and occupational injuries in Spain along with its economic effect.
The daily number of occupational injuries that caused at least one day of leave and the daily maximum temperature were obtained for each Spanish province for the years 1994-2013. We estimated temperature-injuries associations with distributed lag nonlinear models, and then pooled the results using a multivariate meta-regression model. We calculated the number of injuries attributable to cold and heat, the corresponding workdays lost, and the resulting economic effect.
The study included 15,992,310 occupational injuries. Overall, 2.72% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44-2.97] of all occupational injuries were attributed to nonoptimal ambient temperatures, with moderate heat accounting for the highest fraction. This finding corresponds to an estimated 0.67 million (95% CI: 0.60-0.73) person-days of work lost every year in Spain due to temperature, or an annual average of 42 d per 1,000 workers. The estimated annual economic burden is €370 million, or 0.03% of Spain's GDP (€2,015).
Our findings suggest that extreme ambient temperatures increased the risk of occupational injuries, with substantial estimated health and economic costs. These results call for public health interventions to protect workers in the context of climate change. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2590.
极寒和酷热天气与职业伤害风险增加有关。然而，证据仍然局限于少数针对受伤人数相对较少且地域范围有限的研究，且相应的经济影响也未得到详细研究。
我们评估了西班牙环境温度与职业伤害之间的关系及其经济影响。
我们获取了 1994-2013 年期间每个西班牙省份的每日职业伤害人数（至少导致 1 天休假）和每日最高温度。我们使用分布式滞后非线性模型评估温度与伤害之间的关联，然后使用多元荟萃回归模型对结果进行汇总。我们计算了因寒冷和炎热天气导致的伤害数量、相应的工作日损失以及由此产生的经济影响。
本研究共纳入 15992310 例职业伤害。总体而言，2.72%（95%置信区间：2.44-2.97）的职业伤害归因于环境温度不适宜，其中中度热所致比例最高。这相当于西班牙每年因温度导致 0.67 百万人（95%置信区间：0.60-0.73）天的工作损失，或平均每 1000 名工人每年有 42 天。估计的年经济负担为 3.70 亿欧元，占西班牙国内生产总值（GDP）的 0.03%（20.15 亿欧元）。
我们的研究结果表明，极端环境温度增加了职业伤害的风险，带来了巨大的健康和经济成本。这些结果呼吁在气候变化背景下采取公共卫生干预措施来保护工人。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2590.
