Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Apr;36(7-8):NP3574-NP3595. doi: 10.1177/0886260518780413. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of sexual and physical assault among university students and its association with alcohol use. The research is part of a wider cohort study (Spit for Science) at a large public university in the United States. The follow-up data include the first two cohorts (2011, 2012; = 5,170). The dependent variables were victim of sexual assault and victim of physical assault. The independent variables were alcohol dependence and abuse according to the (4th ed.), cannabis use, residence, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and previous experience of sexual assault and/or physical assault. We used multilevel logistic regression for repeated measures. All data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Incidence rates of sexual and physical assault (per 100 students a year) were 15.1 and 27.6 among nonabusers/dependents versus 36.4 and 56.7 among alcohol-dependent females at the first year, and 2.8 and 4.7 versus 7.7 and 23.1 at the third year; while in males, incident rates were 6.0 and 3.1 versus 18.5 and 66.6, and 2.3 and 7.4 versus 18.9 and 15.1, respectively. Our results show that alcohol abuse and dependence constitute risk factors to be victim of sexual assault in males (odds ratio [OR] = 2.21 and OR = 2.73) and alcohol dependence in females (OR = 2.16). Similarly, alcohol abuse and dependence are risk factors to physical assault among both males (OR = 1.52 and OR = 2.03) and females (OR = 1.70 and OR = 2.88). Ethnicity, sexual orientation, and whether the individual had been victimized in the past were associated with sexual assault. Regarding physical assault, cannabis use and past victimization are also risk factors. Our study has shown that assault victimization is strongly related to alcohol abuse and dependence diagnoses in both genders. Ethnicity and sexual orientation are also associated to both assaults. Our results show that incidence rates of both types of assaults were clearly higher in the first 6 months of university, probably explained by the novel and potentially risky environment.
这项研究的目的是确定大学生中性侵犯和身体侵犯的发生率及其与饮酒的关系。该研究是在美国一所大型公立大学进行的更广泛队列研究（Spit for Science）的一部分。随访数据包括前两个队列（2011 年、2012 年；=5170）。因变量为性侵犯受害者和身体侵犯受害者。自变量为根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（第 4 版）诊断的酒精依赖和滥用、大麻使用、住所、种族、性取向以及性侵犯和/或身体侵犯的既往史。我们使用多水平逻辑回归进行重复测量。所有数据均使用广义线性混合模型进行分析。在第一年，非滥用者/依赖者的性侵犯和身体侵犯发生率（每 100 名学生每年）分别为 15.1 和 27.6，而女性酒精依赖者分别为 36.4 和 56.7；男性分别为 6.0 和 3.1，而酒精依赖者分别为 18.5 和 66.6；在第三年，非滥用者/依赖者的性侵犯和身体侵犯发生率分别为 2.8 和 4.7，而女性酒精依赖者分别为 7.7 和 23.1，男性分别为 2.3 和 7.4，而酒精依赖者分别为 18.9 和 15.1。我们的结果表明，酒精滥用和依赖是男性（比值比[OR] = 2.21 和 OR = 2.73）和女性（OR = 2.16）成为性侵犯受害者的危险因素。同样，酒精滥用和依赖是男性（OR = 1.52 和 OR = 2.03）和女性（OR = 1.70 和 OR = 2.88）发生身体侵犯的危险因素。种族、性取向以及个体是否曾遭受过侵害与性侵犯有关。关于身体侵犯，大麻使用和既往受害也是危险因素。我们的研究表明，在两性中，攻击受害与酒精滥用和依赖诊断密切相关。种族和性取向也与这两种攻击有关。我们的结果表明，这两种类型的攻击的发生率在大学的前 6 个月明显更高，这可能是由于新的、潜在危险的环境造成的。
