Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, MC 4245, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nat Prod Rep. 2018 Sep 19;35(9):902-920. doi: 10.1039/c8np00028j.
Covering: 2006 to 2018 Phytochemicals are important sources for the discovery and development of agricultural and pharmaceutical compounds, such as pesticides and medicines. However, these compounds are typically present in low abundance in nature, and the biosynthetic pathways for most phytochemicals are not fully elucidated. Heterologous production of phytochemicals in plant, bacterial, and yeast hosts has been pursued as a potential approach to address sourcing issues associated with many valuable phytochemicals, and more recently has been utilized as a tool to aid in the elucidation of plant biosynthetic pathways. Due to the structural complexity of certain phytochemicals and the associated biosynthetic pathways, reconstitution of plant pathways in heterologous hosts can encounter numerous challenges. Synthetic biology approaches have been developed to address these challenges in areas such as precise control over heterologous gene expression, improving functional expression of heterologous enzymes, and modifying central metabolism to increase the supply of precursor compounds into the pathway. These strategies have been applied to advance plant pathway reconstitution and phytochemical production in a wide variety of heterologous hosts. Here, we review synthetic biology strategies that have been recently applied to advance complex phytochemical production in heterologous hosts.
2006 年至 2018 年 植物化学物质是发现和开发农业和医药化合物（如农药和药物）的重要来源。然而，这些化合物在自然界中的含量通常较低，而且大多数植物化学物质的生物合成途径尚未完全阐明。在植物、细菌和酵母宿主中异源生产植物化学物质已被视为解决与许多有价值的植物化学物质相关的来源问题的一种潜在方法，最近它也被用作辅助阐明植物生物合成途径的工具。由于某些植物化学物质的结构复杂性和相关的生物合成途径，在异源宿主中重新构建植物途径可能会遇到许多挑战。合成生物学方法已被开发用于解决这些挑战，例如对异源基因表达的精确控制、提高异源酶的功能表达，以及修饰中心代谢以增加前体化合物进入途径的供应。这些策略已被应用于推进植物途径的重建和各种异源宿主中的植物化学物质生产。在这里，我们综述了最近应用于推进异源宿主中复杂植物化学物质生产的合成生物学策略。
