Ashida Reiko, Cerminara Nadia L, Brooks Jon, Apps Richard
School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;154:45-58. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63956-1.00003-5.
In this chapter, we compare current understanding of the anatomy and functional compartmentation of the human cerebellum with detailed knowledge in nonhuman species. The anatomy of the cerebellum is highly conserved across mammals and comparison of functional data suggests that similar principles of organization also hold true for somatotopy. In particular, there is a dual representation of the limbs in the cerebellar cortex in rat, ferret, cat, monkey, and human. In animals, a key organizing principle of the cerebellum is its division into a series of longitudinally oriented olivocorticonuclear modules that are narrow in the mediolateral axis but extend across multiple cerebellar lobules in the rostrocaudal plane. This contrasts with existing understanding of the human cerebellum that suggests that functional compartmentation is organized mainly at the level of different lobes and lobules. However, advances in spatial resolution of imaging techniques mean we are now able to start to examine whether a longitudinal modular organization is also present within the human cerebellum. This has implications for the diagnosis and future treatment of clinical disorders that involve the cerebellum, since it is possible that variations in symptomatology may relate to this finer grain localization.
在本章中，我们将人类小脑的解剖结构和功能分区的当前认识与非人类物种的详细知识进行比较。小脑的解剖结构在哺乳动物中高度保守，功能数据的比较表明，躯体定位的组织原则在不同物种中也相似。特别是，在大鼠、雪貂、猫、猴子和人类的小脑皮质中，四肢都有双重表征。在动物中，小脑的一个关键组织原则是它被分为一系列纵向排列的橄榄体皮质核模块，这些模块在内外侧轴上很窄，但在前后平面上延伸穿过多个小脑小叶。这与目前对人类小脑的理解形成对比，目前的理解认为功能分区主要在不同叶和小叶的层面上组织。然而，成像技术空间分辨率的提高意味着我们现在能够开始研究人类小脑中是否也存在纵向模块化组织。这对涉及小脑的临床疾病的诊断和未来治疗具有重要意义，因为症状的变化可能与这种更精细的定位有关。
