Fan Jinshuo, Lv Zhilei, Yang Guanghai, Liao Ting Ting, Xu Juanjuan, Wu Feng, Huang Qi, Guo Mengfei, Hu Guorong, Zhou Mei, Duan Limin, Liu Shuqing, Jin Yang
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Immunol. 2018 May 31;9:1187. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01187. eCollection 2018.
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) include RORα (NR1F1), RORβ (NR1F2), and RORγ (NR1F3). These receptors are reported to activate transcription through ligand-dependent interactions with co-regulators and are involved in the development of secondary lymphoid tissues, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, the circadian rhythm, and metabolism homeostasis. Researches on RORs contributing to cancer-related processes have been growing, and they provide evidence that RORs are likely to be considered as potential therapeutic targets in many cancers. RORα has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer and has been investigated in melanoma, colorectal colon cancer, and gastric cancer. RORβ is mainly expressed in the central nervous system, but it has also been studied in pharyngeal cancer, uterine leiomyosarcoma, and colorectal cancer, in addition to neuroblastoma, and recent studies suggest that RORγ is involved in various cancers, including lymphoma, melanoma, and lung cancer. Some studies found RORγ to be upregulated in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, while others indicated the opposite results. With respect to the mechanisms of RORs in cancer, previous studies on the regulatory mechanisms of RORs in cancer were mostly focused on immune cells and cytokines, but lately there have been investigations concentrating on RORs themselves. Thus, this review summarizes reports on the regulation of RORs in cancer and highlights potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
维甲酸受体相关孤儿受体（RORs）包括RORα（NR1F1）、RORβ（NR1F2）和RORγ（NR1F3）。据报道，这些受体通过与共调节因子的配体依赖性相互作用激活转录，并参与次级淋巴组织的发育、自身免疫性疾病、炎症性疾病、昼夜节律和代谢稳态。关于RORs在癌症相关过程中的研究不断增加，这些研究提供了证据表明RORs可能被视为多种癌症的潜在治疗靶点。RORα已被确定为乳腺癌的潜在治疗靶点，并已在黑色素瘤、结直肠癌和胃癌中进行了研究。RORβ主要在中枢神经系统中表达，但除神经母细胞瘤外，它也已在喉癌、子宫平滑肌肉瘤和结直肠癌中得到研究，最近的研究表明RORγ参与包括淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和肺癌在内的多种癌症。一些研究发现与正常组织相比，RORγ在癌组织中上调，而另一些研究则得出相反的结果。关于RORs在癌症中的作用机制，以往关于RORs在癌症中调节机制的研究大多集中在免疫细胞和细胞因子上，但最近有研究集中在RORs本身。因此，本综述总结了关于RORs在癌症中调节的报道，并强调了癌症中的潜在治疗靶点。
