Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Microb Pathog. 2018 Sep;122:117-121. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.025. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. sipyleus var. sipyleus of the Lamiaceae, locally known as thyme scented lemon, which is an endemic taxon collected from Sivas in Anatolia, was investigated in this study due to its folk medicine use against rhinosinusitis. The aromatic characteristics of the plant material gave the idea for the detailed evaluation of the volatiles and essential oil thereof. Consequently, the oil was obtained by Clevenger type hydrodistillation followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses for phytochemical characterization. To confirm the folk medicinal use against sinusitis, in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil was evaluated by agar diffusion, microdilution and vapour diffusion methods against selected rhinosinusitis associated strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Additionally, the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory effect of the essential oil spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, the composition of the volatiles of the vapour phase of the oil was determined by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC/MS) after 15 min and 24 h in accordance with antimicrobial vapour diffusion method conditions, respectively. According to the analytical results, the main component was determined as thymol (66.2%). Whereas in the HS-SPME method p-cymene (26.1%) and γ-terpinene (26%) were identified as the main volatile components within the 15. min., and thymol (75.3%) after 24 h, respectively. The antibacterial activity against rhinosinusitis pathogens varied between 160 and 1250 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations, with the best inhibitory effects observed against the S. aureus, S. pyogenes and M. catarrhalis. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oil was determined as 12.1 ± 1.8% in 100 μg/mL. The results showed the in vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of the oil also in vapour phase against sinusitis supporting the traditional use.
唇形科百里香属西伯利亚百里香亚种西伯利亚百里香变种，俗称柠檬百里香，是一种地方性特有种，分布于安纳托利亚的锡瓦斯。由于其在民间医学中用于治疗鼻窦炎，因此对其进行了研究。植物材料的芳香特征启发了对挥发物和精油的详细评估。因此，通过克利夫兰型水蒸馏法获得油，然后通过气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器 (GC-FID) 和气相色谱/质谱 (GC/MS) 分析进行植物化学成分分析。为了证实民间医学用于治疗鼻窦炎，通过琼脂扩散、微稀释和蒸气扩散方法评估了精油对选定的鼻窦炎相关菌株（如金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)、表皮葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌）的体外抗菌活性。此外，通过精油对 5-脂氧合酶 (5-LOX) 的抑制作用来评估体外抗炎活性。此外，根据抗菌蒸气扩散方法的条件，通过顶空固相微萃取 (HS-SPME) 分别在 15 分钟和 24 小时后确定油蒸气相的挥发性成分组成，通过顶空固相微萃取 (HS-SPME) 进行分析。根据分析结果，确定主要成分为百里香酚（66.2%）。而在 HS-SPME 方法中，15 分钟内鉴定出 p- 对伞花烃（26.1%）和γ-松油烯（26%）为主要挥发性成分，24 小时后鉴定出百里香酚（75.3%）。对鼻窦炎病原体的最低抑菌浓度在 160 至 1250μg/mL 之间，对金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌和卡他莫拉菌的抑制作用最好。精油的抗炎活性在 100μg/mL 时为 12.1±1.8%。结果表明，该油在蒸气相中也具有体外抗微生物和抗炎潜力，支持了其在传统医学中的应用。
