Tsiftsoglou Olga S, Stagiopoulou Rafaela, Krigas Nikos, Lazari Diamanto
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 11;12(2):348. doi: 10.3390/plants12020348.
Čelak. (Lamiaceae) is a taxonomically isolated and endangered local endemic thyme species which is geographically isolated in four Ionian Islands (West Greece). The present study investigated the essential oil (EO) composition, the ecological preferences, and their correlations in three wild-growing populations from Zakynthos (ΤH-Z), Cephalonia (ΤH-C) and Lefkada (ΤH-L). The variations in essential oil yield and the composition of populations were evaluated using hydrodistillation, GC/MS, TLC and NMR analysis. The climatic conditions of each sample were organized and analyzed in RStudio with the raster package and in SPSS with Pearson's Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), respectively. The aerial parts of the plants varied in EO yields from 1.92 to 2.28% /. The analysis of EO constituents revealed noteworthy qualitative and quantitative inter-population variation. The composition of EOs revealed the presence of linalool (82.77%) and borneol (5.95%) as major compounds in ΤH-Z, while carvacrol (35.34%), geraniol (23.98%), linalool (14.37%), borneol (5.66%), thymol (4.27%) and -cymene (4.08%) were the main compounds in ΤH-C and linalool (40.37%), geraniol (39.42%) and borneol (5.20%) were dominant components in ΤH-L. The results of the gas chromatography procedure have also been confirmed by H and C-NMR and TLC analysis. The ecological profile showed an average annual precipitation of 942 ± 18.33 mm and the temperature limits in which seems to adapt to are 6.80± 1.08 °C 27.70 ± 0.70 °C. Regarding the examined samples, TH-C was adapted to the driest summer and coldest winter conditions, TH-Z was adapted to the lowest annual precipitation with the most complex climatic conditions, and TH-L was adapted to the highest summer temperatures with the lowest precipitation in the wettest period of the year. For each sampled population, the CCA identified the association of the samples' EOs composition with the prevailing local environmental conditions.
Čelak.（唇形科）是一种在分类学上孤立且濒危的当地特有百里香物种，在希腊西部的四个爱奥尼亚群岛上处于地理隔离状态。本研究调查了来自扎金索斯岛（TH-Z）、凯法利尼亚岛（TH-C）和莱夫卡达岛（TH-L）的三个野生种群的精油（EO）成分、生态偏好及其相关性。使用水蒸馏法、气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）、薄层色谱（TLC）和核磁共振（NMR）分析评估了精油产量和种群组成的变化。分别在RStudio中使用光栅包以及在SPSS中使用Pearson典型相关分析（CCA）对每个样本的气候条件进行了整理和分析。植物地上部分的精油产量在1.92%至2.28%之间变化。精油成分分析揭示了种群间在定性和定量方面存在显著差异。精油成分分析表明，在TH-Z中，芳樟醇（82.77%）和冰片（5.95%）是主要成分，而在TH-C中主要成分是香芹酚（35.34%）、香叶醇（23.98%）、芳樟醇（14.37%）、冰片（5.66%）、百里香酚（4.27%）和对异丙基甲苯（4.08%），在TH-L中主要成分是芳樟醇（40.37%）、香叶醇（39.42%）和冰片（5.20%）。气相色谱分析结果也得到了氢核磁共振和碳核磁共振以及薄层色谱分析的证实。生态概况显示年平均降水量为942±18.33毫米，其似乎适应的温度范围是6.80±1.08℃至27.70±0.70℃。关于所检测的样本，TH-C适应最干燥的夏季和最寒冷的冬季条件，TH-Z适应年降水量最低且气候条件最复杂的环境，TH-L适应一年中最湿润时期夏季温度最高且降水量最低的环境。对于每个采样种群，典型相关分析确定了样本精油成分与当地主要环境条件之间的关联。
