School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, George Begg Building, Manchester, M1 3BB, UK.
Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2018 Oct;17(5):1217-1242. doi: 10.1007/s10237-018-1024-9. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
Computational modelling of the cardiovascular system offers much promise, but represents a truly interdisciplinary challenge, requiring knowledge of physiology, mechanics of materials, fluid dynamics and biochemistry. This paper aims to provide a summary of the recent advances in cardiovascular structural modelling, including the numerical methods, main constitutive models and modelling procedures developed to represent cardiovascular structures and pathologies across a broad range of length and timescales; serving as an accessible point of reference to newcomers to the field. The class of so-called hyperelastic materials provides the theoretical foundation for the modelling of how these materials deform under load, and so an overview of these models is provided; comparing classical to application-specific phenomenological models. The physiology is split into components and pathologies of the cardiovascular system and linked back to constitutive modelling developments, identifying current state of the art in modelling procedures from both clinical and engineering sources. Models which have originally been derived for one application and scale are shown to be used for an increasing range and for similar applications. The trend for such approaches is discussed in the context of increasing availability of high performance computing resources, where in some cases computer hardware can impact the choice of modelling approach used.
计算心血管系统模型提供了很大的希望，但代表了真正的跨学科挑战，需要生理学、材料力学、流体动力学和生物化学方面的知识。本文旨在对心血管结构建模的最新进展进行总结，包括为在广泛的长度和时间尺度上表示心血管结构和病变而开发的数值方法、主要本构模型和建模程序；为该领域的新手提供一个易于理解的参考点。所谓超弹性材料的类别为这些材料在载荷下的变形方式提供了建模的理论基础，因此提供了这些模型的概述；将经典模型与特定于应用的唯象模型进行了比较。生理学被分为心血管系统的组成部分和病变，并与本构建模的发展联系起来，从临床和工程来源确定建模程序的当前最新状态。最初为一个应用和规模而开发的模型被证明可以用于越来越多的范围和类似的应用。在高性能计算资源越来越可用的情况下，讨论了这种方法的趋势，在某些情况下，计算机硬件会影响所使用的建模方法的选择。
