Raut Satish K, Khullar Madhu
Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Jun 4;9:300. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00300. eCollection 2018.
A major part of the genome is known to be transcribed into non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). The importance of ncRNAs is being increasingly recognized in physiological and pathological processes. lncRNAs are a novel class of ncRNAs that do not code for proteins and are important regulators of gene expression. In the past, these molecules were thought to be transcriptional "noise" with low levels of evolutionary conservation. However, recent studies provide strong evidence indicating that lncRNAs are (i) regulated during various cellular processes, (ii) exhibit cell type-specific expression, (iii) localize to specific organelles, and (iv) associated with human diseases. Emerging evidence indicates an aberrant expression of lncRNAs in diabetes and diabetes-related microvascular complications. In the present review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of lncRNAs, their genesis from genome, and the mechanism of action of individual lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications of diabetes and therapeutic approaches.
已知基因组的大部分会转录为非蛋白质编码RNA（ncRNA），如微小RNA和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）。ncRNA在生理和病理过程中的重要性正日益得到认可。lncRNA是一类新的ncRNA，不编码蛋白质，是基因表达的重要调节因子。过去，这些分子被认为是具有低水平进化保守性的转录“噪音”。然而，最近的研究提供了强有力的证据表明lncRNA（i）在各种细胞过程中受到调控，（ii）表现出细胞类型特异性表达，（iii）定位于特定细胞器，以及（iv）与人类疾病相关。新出现的证据表明lncRNA在糖尿病及糖尿病相关微血管并发症中存在异常表达。在本综述中，我们讨论了lncRNA的当前知识状态、它们从基因组的起源，以及单个lncRNA在糖尿病微血管并发症发病机制中的作用机制和治疗方法。
