Slawinski Jean, Louis Julien, Poli Julien, Tiollier Eve, Khazoom Charles, Dinu Daniel
UFRSTAPS - Centre de recherche sur le sport et le mouvement - EA 2931, Université de Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.
Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
J Hum Kinet. 2018 Jun 13;62:5-14. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0156. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Fatigue modifies the kinematics of various sports-related movements. Basketball induces fatigue, however, the effects of fatigue on the kinematics of shooting have never been studied. This study analysed the effects of fatigue induced by repeated sprints on the kinematics of 3-point shooting (3PS) in young, elite basketball players (U18 level). 3D joint angles were calculated at the maximum and minimum heights of the centre of mass during 3PS, using inertial measurement units (Biomech system, Xsens Technologies BV, Enschede, The Netherlands). Height, velocity and the angle of the ball at the time of release were extrapolated from the wrist joint angles. All players performed four 3PS actions in dynamic conditions before and after a fatigue protocol at 70% of their maximal exercise capacity. The fatigue protocol consisted of a shuttle test with repeated 20-m sprints interspersed with sets of 5 jumps. There was no change in the kinematics of 3PS (p > 0.05), or the ball release variables (p > 0.05) following the fatigue protocol. This suggests that elite basketball players are able to cope with physical fatigue while performing coordinated movements such as 3PS.
疲劳会改变各种与运动相关动作的运动学特征。篮球运动可引发疲劳，然而，疲劳对投篮运动学特征的影响从未被研究过。本研究分析了重复冲刺诱发的疲劳对年轻优秀篮球运动员（U18级别）三分球投篮（3PS）运动学特征的影响。在3PS过程中，利用惯性测量单元（生物力学系统，Xsens Technologies BV，荷兰恩斯赫德）计算质心最大和最小高度处的三维关节角度。通过腕关节角度推算出球出手时的高度、速度和角度。所有运动员在达到其最大运动能力70%的疲劳方案前后，于动态条件下进行了四次3PS动作。疲劳方案包括穿梭跑测试，其中穿插重复20米冲刺，并进行每组5次的跳跃。疲劳方案实施后，3PS的运动学特征（p>0.05）或球出手变量（p>0.05）均无变化。这表明优秀篮球运动员在进行诸如3PS等协调动作时能够应对身体疲劳。
