Amoxicillin and gentamicin antibiotics treatment adversely influence the fertility and morphology through decreasing the gene expression level and increasing the oxidative stress.

The present study was designed to explain the impact of amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin on the oxidative stress (OS) and reproductivity in the mouse testes. Our data showed that reduced glutathione (GSH) level, which is a marker for OS, strikingly reduced and hydrogen peroxide (HO) level, which acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian germ cells, strikingly increased with amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin treatment. The gene expression and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione--transferases (GST) were significantly affected in the presence of these antibiotics. Also, spermatogenesis was adversely affected by suppressing Deleted in Azoospermia () gene expression. Finally, oxidative stress and spermatogenesis failure distorted to sperm viability, motility, and morphology in amoxicillin and gentamicin-treated mice.